AP®︎ World History: Topic 2.4 Flashcards

Routes connecting West Africa to North Africa and wider Afro-Eurasian markets; trade volume and geographical reach expanded from 1200 to 1450

Semiarid transition zone south of the Sahara where West African states and major southern trading centers developed

Northwestern Africa, whose markets connected trans-Saharan routes with Mediterranean and Islamic commercial networks

Desert-adapted pack animal whose water endurance, padded feet, and carrying capacity made large-scale Saharan transportation practical

Device that distributed weight and secured riders or freight, making camel transport more efficient, stable, and capable of carrying larger loads

Organized group of merchants, guides, guards, handlers, and pack animals traveling together to reduce risk and move goods across the Sahara

Exchange in which West African gold generally moved north and valuable Saharan salt moved south through multiple merchants and markets

Powerful West African empire that controlled and taxed commercial territory, protected markets and routes, and drew more people into Afro-Eurasian exchange

Ruler traditionally credited with founding the Mali Empire in the 1230s after defeating regional rivals

Early-fourteenth-century ruler whose wealth and pilgrimage made Mali famous and demonstrated its integration into Islamic and trans-Saharan networks

Commercial city near the Niger River where trans-Saharan and regional trade met; also a major center of Islamic learning and manuscripts

1324–1325 pilgrimage to Mecca that displayed Mali’s gold wealth and strengthened its connections with the Islamic and commercial worlds