AP®︎ World History: Topic 1.3 Flashcards

Diverse South Asian tradition centered on dharma, karma, reincarnation, and moksha that shaped caste, kingship, temples, and social duties

Religious and social duty in Hindu tradition

The consequences of a person’s actions, which influence the conditions of future rebirths

Rebirth into another life after death, with the form of rebirth influenced by karma

Liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth in Hindu tradition

South Asian hierarchy in which broad varnas defined ideal status while numerous local jatis organized occupation, marriage, and social interaction

The priestly varna whose members served as ritual specialists, scholars, and royal advisers and legitimized Hindu rulers

Hindu devotional movement emphasizing personal love of a deity through vernacular poetry, song, pilgrimage, and worship open to broader participation

Monotheistic faith based on one God, Muhammad’s prophethood, the Quran, and membership in the Muslim community

The worldwide community of Muslims united by their shared faith

Mystical Islamic traditions seeking personal experience of God through spiritual discipline, divine love, teachers, and communities of disciples

Tradition teaching that desire causes suffering and that disciplined practice can end rebirth and lead to nirvana

Buddhist liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth

The organized community of monks and monasteries that preserved texts, taught, performed rituals, and allowed laypeople to gain merit through donations

Buddhist tradition stressing teachings associated with the historical Buddha and the Pali canon, especially influential in Sri Lanka and mainland Southeast Asia

Buddhist tradition emphasizing bodhisattvas and multiple forms of assistance toward enlightenment, influential in Srivijaya and the Khmer court

Selective Southeast Asian adaptation of Indian religions, Sanskrit titles, epics, architecture, and political ideas to local purposes

Political system in which authority radiated from a central court and weakened with distance, leaving tributary local rulers considerable autonomy

Competing Hindu warrior states of northern and northwestern India that relied on forts, cavalry, marriage alliances, and temple patronage

Hindu empire founded in southern India in 1336 that used armies, agricultural revenue, trade, subordinate chiefs, and temple patronage to maintain power

Sri Lankan ruling houses that legitimized fragmented regional rule by protecting Theravada Buddhism, monasteries, Pali learning, and the Buddha’s tooth relic

Angkor-centered mainland Southeast Asian empire supported by rice agriculture, tribute, military power, waterworks, and Hindu-Buddhist royal patronage

Monumental Khmer temple originally dedicated to Vishnu whose Mount Meru design, scale, and cosmic layout proclaimed sacred royal authority

Khmer king and Mahayana Buddhist patron who built Angkor Thom, the Bayon, roads, rest houses, and hospitals

Thirteenth-century Thai state that used rice wealth, local alliances, and Theravada Buddhist righteous kingship as Khmer influence weakened

A righteous Buddhist king who governs morally, protects the sangha, dispenses justice, and gains merit through patronage

Sumatra-centered Mahayana Buddhist maritime state that profited from its location near the Strait of Malacca through naval power, port alliances, tribute, and trade-related taxes

Hindu-Buddhist state founded on Java in 1293 that combined agricultural wealth with naval force, tribute, alliances, and commercial influence

Muslim trading state established in northern Sumatra by the late thirteenth century and linked to Indian Ocean commercial networks

Port founded around 1400 that became a Muslim sultanate and major commercial center on the strategically important Strait of Malacca