AP®︎ World History: Topic 5.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.6 of AP World History – Industrialization: Government’s Role from 1750 to 1900 to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

State-Sponsored Industrialization

Definition

Government-directed investment in factories, technology, infrastructure, education, and military industry to accelerate industrial development and strengthen the state

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State-Sponsored Industrialization
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Government-directed investment in factories, technology, infrastructure, education, and military industry to accelerate industrial development and strengthen the state

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.1.V.C
Muhammad Ali
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Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848 who used cotton monopolies, factories, foreign technology, and military reform to pursue limited state-sponsored industrialization

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.1.V.C
Egyptian State Monopoly System
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Muhammad Ali’s system of controlling cash-crop production, purchasing cotton at fixed prices, and reselling it to finance the army, bureaucracy, and industry

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.1.V.C
Commodore Matthew Perry
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U.S. naval officer whose steam-powered warships arrived in Japan in 1853, pressuring it to open ports and helping trigger internal reform

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Convention of Kanagawa
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The 1854 agreement that began opening Japanese ports to the United States after Perry’s arrival

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Unequal Treaties
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Agreements granting Western powers commercial and legal privileges while limiting Japan’s control over tariffs and foreign residents

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Meiji Restoration
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The 1868 overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate that restored formal imperial authority and placed centralizing reformers in power

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Meiji Era
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The period beginning in 1868 when Japan centralized government, sponsored industry, modernized its military, and became a regional power

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Rich Country, Strong Army
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Meiji slogan expressing the goal of using economic and industrial modernization to preserve independence and build military power

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Abolition of the Domains
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The 1871 replacement of daimyo-controlled domains with centrally administered prefectures, enabling uniform taxation, conscription, education, and infrastructure

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Land Tax Reform of 1873
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Meiji reform requiring landowners to pay taxes in money, providing predictable cash revenue for government modernization

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Iwakura Mission
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The 1871–1873 Japanese mission that studied Western governments, schools, factories, laws, and military systems for selective adaptation

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Zaibatsu
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Large family-controlled Japanese conglomerates, such as Mitsui and Mitsubishi, that expanded with government support in banking, shipping, mining, and manufacturing

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Sino-Japanese War
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The 1894–1895 war in which industrialized Japan defeated Qing China, gained Taiwan, and increased its influence in Korea

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A
Universal Male Conscription of 1873
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Meiji policy that created a national conscript army, ended the samurai’s military monopoly, and strengthened central state power

Unit 5: Learning Objective GKC-5.2.II.A