AP®︎ World History: Topic 7.7 Flashcards

War in which governments mobilize society’s full human, economic, political, cultural, and technological resources, making the home front part of the battlefield

Use of colonies and dependent territories for soldiers, labor, food, money, and raw materials needed for war

Force in which roughly 2.5 million Indians volunteered, strengthening the Allied war effort while wartime service intensified demands for independence

Compulsory military service used to create the mass armies required by industrial warfare

Government-directed economy that converts civilian industry to military production and controls materials, prices, wages, labor, and consumption

Government limits on civilian consumption that redirected scarce food, fuel, clothing, and materials to the armed forces

Loans purchased by civilians to finance government war spending and presented as a form of patriotic service

1941 American program that supplied weapons and other materials to Allied governments before and during direct U.S. participation

Roosevelt’s phrase presenting American industrial production and aid to the Allies as weapons in the defense of democracy

American propaganda symbol of women entering industrial war work as male workers entered military service

Compelled wartime labor by civilians, prisoners, colonial subjects, or camp inmates, used extensively by Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union

Organized communication using information, symbolism, emotion, or falsehood to shape beliefs and behavior in support of the war

Government restriction of news and dissent to protect military information, sustain morale, and suppress criticism

British prime minister who directed wartime production and civil defense while using speeches and radio to inspire resistance and national unity

U.S. president who expanded aid to the Allies and directed conscription, industrial conversion, rationing, propaganda, taxation, and war-bond drives

Nazi dictator who mobilized Germany through fascism, racial nationalism, one-party rule, propaganda, repression, conquest, and forced labor

Soviet dictator who used central planning, factory relocation, mass conscription, patriotism, strict labor discipline, and repression to mobilize the USSR.

Nazi propaganda minister who controlled press, radio, film, rallies, art, and education to glorify Hitler and promote racial nationalism and war

Roosevelt’s order that led to the forced removal and incarceration of about 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, most of them U.S. citizens

Soviet framing of the war against Germany as defense of the motherland, combining communist ideology with Russian history and patriotism

Japanese claim that its expansion would liberate and unite Asia, masking military domination, resource extraction, coercion, and violence

German “lightning war” using rapidly coordinated tanks, motorized infantry, aircraft, artillery, and radio to break through and encircle enemies

1942–1943 Soviet victory that destroyed a major German army and marked a turning point on the Eastern Front

U.S. Pacific strategy of capturing selected islands for bases while bypassing some heavily defended Japanese positions

June 6, 1944 Allied invasion of France combining naval support, air superiority, deception, amphibious forces, and extensive logistics

Japanese tactic in which pilots deliberately crashed explosive-laden aircraft into Allied ships as defeat approached

Long-range attacks on factories, oil facilities, transportation, government centers, and cities to weaken an enemy’s capacity or will to fight

German bombing campaign against British cities in 1940–1941 after Germany failed to gain air superiority in the Battle of Britain

Use of incendiary bombs to create rapidly spreading urban fires and firestorms, causing extensive destruction and civilian deaths

Secret U.S.-led scientific and industrial program, aided by British and refugee scientists, that developed the atomic bomb

Detection technology using radio waves to locate incoming aircraft and ships

Sound-based technology used to detect submarines underwater

Secret analysis of enemy communications that revealed plans and movements, including German and Japanese military operations

The production, transportation, fueling, maintenance, supply, and replacement needed to keep armed forces operating

World War II coalition led by Germany, Italy, and Japan

World War II coalition led principally by Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and the United States, together with their partners and imperial possessions

Appeals to national survival, unity, duty, and sacrifice used to mobilize soldiers, workers, and civilians for war

Authoritarian ultranationalist ideology used by Nazi Germany to support one-party rule, militarism, expansion, and total mobilization

Ideology centered on class struggle that the Soviet state combined with central planning, one-party rule, and patriotic appeals to mobilize for war

Coordinated use of tanks, infantry, artillery, aircraft, and communications so that each arm supports the others

Warfare intended to wear down an enemy through sustained losses of personnel, equipment, and resources

Warships that made naval aviation central by launching aircraft against enemy fleets beyond the range of naval guns

Coordinated attacks launched from sea onto land using ships, aircraft, landing craft, troops, engineers, and supply systems

Nuclear-fission weapon developed by the Manhattan Project and used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, devastating both cities and helping bring Japan’s surrender