AP®︎ World History: Topic 8.6 Flashcards

Political division of one territory into separate states or jurisdictions, often leaving minorities on both sides of the new boundary

The 1947 division of British India into India and Pakistan, accompanied by communal violence and the migration of roughly 10–15 million people

Leader of the Muslim League who argued that South Asian Muslims needed the separate state of Pakistan

The hastily drawn 1947 boundary that divided Punjab and Bengal between India and Pakistan amid mass migration and communal violence

Majority-Muslim princely state whose contested accession to India caused the 1947–1948 Indo-Pakistani War and an enduring territorial dispute

Israel declared independence in 1948 as Britain ended its Palestine mandate, followed by war, territorial change, and mass Palestinian displacement

The 1947 proposal for separate Jewish and Arab states with internationally administered Jerusalem; Jewish leaders accepted it, while Arab leaders rejected it

War following Israel's declaration of independence in which Israel survived and gained territory beyond that allotted by the UN plan; the proposed Palestinian Arab state was not established

The Palestinian 'catastrophe' of 1948, when approximately 700,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled and most were not allowed to return

Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953 as its colonial administrative territory became a sovereign state largely within inherited borders

Cambodian king under whom Cambodia obtained full independence from France in 1953

Government direction of economic development through planning, public investment, regulation, land reform, or state ownership

Transfer of a privately or foreign-owned enterprise into state ownership

An economy combining private ownership with substantial government regulation, planning, investment, or ownership

Strategy of replacing imported manufactured goods with domestic production protected by tariffs, import limits, state credit, and public industries

Egyptian leader who linked sovereignty to land reform, state planning, public industry, and nationalization of the Suez Canal

The 1956 conflict caused by Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal; Britain, France, and Israel attacked but withdrew under international pressure

Indian prime minister who strengthened the mixed economy by nationalizing major banks and expanding public control over key industries

India's extensive system of government licenses and permits regulating private investment and business activity

Tanzanian president who promoted ujamaa, nationalization, rural development, villagization, and national unity

Nyerere's African socialist program emphasizing familyhood, communal cooperation, self-reliance, nationalization, and collective rural villages

Sri Lankan prime minister who expanded state control, land reform, welfare programs, and import restrictions to reduce inequality and foreign influence

Claim that formal empire was replaced by indirect foreign control through trade, corporations, finance, debt, aid, or political pressure

The central country or city of an empire in relation to its colonies

Postcolonial movement to former colonizing countries that maintained ties through remittances, family networks, trade, language, and culture

Postwar migration from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh to British cities for work, sustaining Commonwealth, family, commercial, and cultural ties

Migration sustained by labor demand, French colonial ties, economic disparities, and family networks before and after Algerian independence

Post-independence migration shaped by U.S. colonial education and labor networks, especially into nursing, military, and service work

A political organization claiming sovereignty over a defined territory and population

A community whose members understand themselves as sharing a common identity based on factors such as history, language, ethnicity, religion, or culture

A sovereign state whose political boundaries correspond closely to those of a nation

The forced or danger-driven movement of people away from their homes

The relocation and establishment of displaced people in a new place

Nationalist organization that generally favored an independent India containing multiple religious communities

Political organization led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that demanded a separate homeland for South Asian Muslims

Nationalist movement advocating a Jewish national home or state in Palestine

Movement asserting Arab Palestinian self-determination and opposing arrangements that threatened Arab control of Palestine