AP®︎ World History: Topic 8.2 Flashcards

Global ideological and geopolitical struggle between the U.S.-led capitalist bloc and Soviet-led communist bloc from 1945 to 1991, without sustained direct war between the superpowers

A state able to project military, economic, political, and ideological influence across multiple world regions

A global system in which power is concentrated chiefly in two rival centers, represented after World War II by the United States and Soviet Union

An economic system based primarily on private ownership and markets, linked by the United States to representative government and individual rights

State control of major production, centralized planning, and one-party communist rule, presented as a path to equality and liberation from capitalism

A region whose governments are subject to a powerful state's political, economic, or military influence, such as Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe

A cycle in which one state's defensive measures threaten another state, provoking responses that make both sides feel less secure

Winston Churchill's term for the political, ideological, and military division between Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe and the U.S.-aligned West

U.S. policy of preventing communism from expanding beyond areas where it was already established rather than directly overthrowing existing communist governments

Harry Truman's 1947 commitment to aid governments threatened by armed minorities or outside pressure, first applied to Greece and Turkey

U.S. aid program begun in 1948 to rebuild Western Europe, restore trade, reduce communism's appeal, and strengthen ties to the United States

The Soviet Union's 1948–1949 blockade of land access to the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin

The U.S.-led aerial supply of West Berlin during the 1948–1949 Soviet blockade, continued until the Soviet Union reopened land access

The Western bloc joined the United States and its allies; the Eastern bloc joined the Soviet Union and communist Eastern European governments

A conflict in which superpowers support opposing governments or armed groups instead of fighting each other directly

U.S.-Soviet competition to build increasingly large and destructive nuclear arsenals, producing enormous costs, recurring crises, and fear of annihilation

Preventing attack by convincing an opponent that aggression would bring devastating nuclear retaliation and possible mutual destruction

Media and cultural messages used by each bloc to promote its system, condemn its rival, and influence domestic and international audiences

Maintaining independent judgment and resisting formal subordination to either Cold War bloc, while still allowing cooperation with or aid from either side

Movement of states that defended sovereignty, anticolonialism, and independent action rather than formal alignment with either Cold War superpower bloc

A 1955 meeting of 29 Asian and African countries that promoted anticolonialism, racial equality, development, peaceful coexistence, and Afro-Asian cooperation

The 1961 meeting at which the Non-Aligned Movement was formally established

Indonesia's first president and an anti-imperialist leader who hosted the Bandung Conference and promoted Afro-Asian cooperation and nonalignment

Ghanaian independence leader who promoted Pan-Africanism, nonalignment, state-led development, and resistance to neocolonialism

The movement promoting unity and cooperation among African peoples and states against colonialism, racism, and foreign domination

Continued foreign control through economic, financial, or diplomatic influence after a territory has gained formal political independence