AP®︎ World History: Topic 5.9 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.9 of AP World History – Society and the Industrial Age to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Bourgeoisie

Definition

Property-owning business class; in Marxist analysis, those who owned the means of production, overlapping with but not identical to the middle class

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Bourgeoisie
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Property-owning business class; in Marxist analysis, those who owned the means of production, overlapping with but not identical to the middle class

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.A
Middle Class
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Growing class of managers, professionals, officials, clerks, shopkeepers, and small business owners between wealthy elites and wage laborers

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.A
Industrial Working Class / Proletariat
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Factory, mine, transport, and other manual workers who lacked productive property and depended primarily on wages

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.A
Working-Class Women vs. Middle-Class Women
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Economic necessity drew working-class women into wage labor, while greater middle-class income increasingly confined middle-class women to household and child-rearing roles

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.B
Separate Spheres / Cult of Domesticity
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Middle-class ideal assigning men to wage earning and public affairs and women to household management, morality, and child development

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.B
Double Burden
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Working-class women’s combined responsibility for paid employment and unpaid household and childcare labor

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.B
Child Labor
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Poor families’ need for income led children to work, while industrialization concentrated many in factories and mines under strict schedules and dangerous conditions

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.B
Urbanization
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Growth of cities and the urban share of the population, accelerated by industrial jobs and rural-to-urban migration

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.C
Tenements / Slums
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Dense, cheaply built or subdivided urban housing marked by overcrowding, poor ventilation, inadequate sanitation, and contaminated water

Unit 5: Learning Objective JKC-5.1.VI.C
Standard of Living
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Material well-being measured through income, consumption, housing, health, nutrition, safety, working hours, sanitation, and services

Unit 5: Learning Objective J