AP®︎ World History: Topic 6.5 Flashcards

Use of unequal trade, investment, loans, concessions, or force to shape another society’s economy for the benefit of foreign states and businesses

Agreements imposed on weaker states that granted foreign powers ports, low tariffs, legal privileges, or other one-sided commercial concessions

A government-granted foreign right to build infrastructure, operate mines, collect revenue, or exploit land and resources

Overseas capital that financed governments and infrastructure but allowed creditors to demand repayment guarantees, customs revenue, or favorable policies

An area where one foreign state claimed privileged trading and investment rights without formally annexing the territory

Chinese ports opened by treaty to foreign residence and commerce under special commercial and legal privileges

The 1899 U.S. policy calling for equal foreign commercial access in China while formally preserving Chinese territorial integrity

British networks carried opium, largely from India, into China to earn profits and reduce Britain’s silver outflow from purchases of Chinese goods

Qing commissioner who suppressed the opium trade at Guangzhou in 1839 and destroyed more than 20,000 chests of foreign-owned opium

The 1839–1842 war in which Britain defeated Qing China and forced it to accept expanded foreign trade and reduced economic sovereignty

The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, opened five Chinese ports, ceded Hong Kong, imposed an indemnity, and ended the Cohong system

The privilege placing foreign nationals in China under their own consular courts rather than Chinese law in important legal cases

The 1856–1860 British and French war against China that opened more ports and expanded foreign diplomatic, missionary, and commercial rights

The British-backed port project built mainly from 1887 to 1897 that connected Argentina’s interior exports to Atlantic shipping and foreign markets

Cotton from South Asia and Egypt supplied European textile mills, while European firms captured greater profits through manufacturing, finance, shipping, and marketing

West African palm oil supplied European soap, candle, and lubricant industries while European merchants increasingly controlled shipping and industrial markets

Chilean copper supplied European and U.S. industry while foreign firms often controlled its financing, transportation, purchasing, or processing

Imperial control through annexation or direct political rule, often combined with economic domination, as in British India

Foreign economic control or influence exercised through trade, investment, debt, or special privileges without direct political rule