AP®︎ World History: Topic 5.4 Flashcards

Europe’s earliest major industrialization outside Britain, based on coal, iron, textiles, machinery, and the adoption of British methods

Gradual, geographically dispersed industrial growth in which mechanized production developed alongside enduring small workshops and artisanal manufacturing

Rapid nineteenth-century industrial growth aided by commercial integration, railroads, and Ruhr coal and iron, making unified Germany a leading industrial power

Massachusetts textile system that combined production stages in mechanized mills and employed young women housed in supervised boardinghouses

Factory production began chiefly in northeastern textiles and expanded through abundant resources, investment, immigration, transportation, and a growing national market

Late, regionally concentrated industrialization driven heavily by the state, foreign capital, railroads, and growth in coal, iron, textiles, and factories

Russian railroad begun in 1891 to connect European Russia with Siberia and the Pacific, linking distant resources and industrial centers

The 1868 political transformation after which Japanese leaders accelerated industrialization to strengthen Japan against Western pressure

Selective, state-supported adoption of Western machinery and expertise that developed textiles, railroads, shipyards, arsenals, and factories during the Meiji Era

A region produced a smaller percentage of growing world output because industrial economies expanded faster, even when its own manufacturing continued

Skilled wooden shipbuilding continued, but the industry lost relative position as steam-powered metal ships favored capital-intensive European and American yards

Skilled small-scale ironworking persisted but was overshadowed by cheaper, high-volume European metal made with coal power, large furnaces, and factory systems

A major hand-produced textile industry lost markets and global share to inexpensive British machine-made cloth, although specialized handloom weaving survived

Egypt attempted factory production but struggled against mechanized European textiles and increasingly exported raw cotton rather than manufactured cloth

Merchants distributed raw materials to workers who completed production tasks in their homes

Machinery and wage workers were concentrated under centralized supervision, with production divided into specialized tasks