AP®︎ World History: Topic 6.3 Flashcards

Open rebellion, military campaigns, or organized warfare against an imperial government or advancing state

Creating or centralizing states near imperial frontiers to mobilize armies, govern territory, and defend autonomy

Resistance in which religious beliefs, prophecy, or reform supplied leadership, solidarity, and a vision of restored justice

José Gabriel Condorcanqui’s 1780–1781 Peruvian uprising against Spanish taxes, abuses, racial hierarchy, and the mita; Spain suppressed it

Broad revolt beginning among sepoys over cartridge rumors and wider religious, political, and economic grievances; its defeat brought direct British Crown rule

West African founder of the centralized Wassoulou Empire who used firearms, diplomacy, relocation, and scorched-earth tactics against France until his 1898 capture

Queen mother of Ejisu who led Asante resistance after Britain demanded the sacred Golden Stool; she was captured and exiled

The 1900 Asante war against British control and the demand for the Golden Stool; Britain suppressed it and annexed Asante

Ethiopian emperor who strengthened and expanded the state, acquired modern weapons, and used European rivalries to resist Italy

Ethiopia’s 1896 defeat of an invading Italian army, preserving Ethiopian independence and becoming a major symbol of African resistance

Nationalism, revolts, Ottoman decline, and European intervention produced independent Greece, Serbia, Romania, and Montenegro and autonomous Bulgaria

Muslim reformer who began a jihad in 1804 against Hausa rulers and founded the Sokoto Caliphate

West African Islamic state formed through Usman dan Fodio’s jihad and governed through emirates, Islamic law, taxation, and military authority

Zulu ruler who centralized political authority, incorporated neighboring peoples, and organized a disciplined age-regiment army

Centralized southern African state that defeated Britain at Isandlwana in 1879 but was later defeated and broken apart

Indigenous nation that used literacy, a written constitution, centralized government, diplomacy, and courts to defend sovereignty against U.S. expansion

Cherokee creator of the syllabary completed in 1821, which supported literacy, publication, and Cherokee national institution building

1830 U.S. law authorizing the relocation of Indigenous peoples from east of the Mississippi despite their claims to land and sovereignty

1832 Supreme Court decision that Georgia law had no force in Cherokee territory, though the executive failed to protect Cherokee sovereignty

The 1838–1839 forced removal of most remaining Cherokee to Indian Territory, during which thousands died from disease, hunger, and exposure

Religious movement expecting a dramatic transformation that defeats oppressors and restores ancestors, sacred leadership, or an ideal order

Northern Paiute religious leader whose 1889 teachings founded the peaceful Ghost Dance movement and promised spiritual renewal

Indigenous religious movement promising renewal, reunion with the dead, and restoration after U.S. conquest; suppression culminated at Wounded Knee

The 1890 killing of hundreds of Lakota men, women, and children by U.S. troops during suppression associated with the Ghost Dance

Xhosa prophet who taught that killing cattle and ending cultivation would bring ancestral restoration and drive away European settlers

The 1856–1857 prophetic killing of cattle and cessation of planting after war, disease, and dispossession; the resulting famine weakened Xhosa autonomy

Sudanese religious leader who declared himself the Mahdi in 1881, led revolt against Turco-Egyptian rule, and founded the Mahdist state

Sudanese religious and military revolt that captured Khartoum and created an independent state before Anglo-Egyptian reconquest in 1898–1899

The belief that a people sharing an identity, history, language, religion, or culture should possess political sovereignty

Opposition to colonial rule, expressed through nationalism, military resistance, political adaptation, religious movements, or defense of older sovereignty