AP®︎ Biology Unit 2: Notes & Study Guide
Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with a comprehensive review on Unit 2 of AP Biology – Cell Structure and Function.
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
How cells are organized, how membranes control what enters and exits, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Begin with Topic 2.1: Cell Structure and Functi...To review Unit 2, go through each of the 10 topics below.
Everything you actually need to know for your Unit 2 test, pulled directly from the AP® Biology curriculum.
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure and Function
- What Cell Structure and Function Means
- The Main Organelles and Subcellular Components
- The Endomembrane System
Cell Size
Cell Size
- What Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio Means
- Calculating Surface Area, Volume, and SA:V
- How Cell Size and Shape Limit Exchange
Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane
- What the Plasma Membrane Is
- Components of the Plasma Membrane
- The Fluid Mosaic Model
Membrane Permeability
Membrane Permeability
- Selective permeability and the hydrophobic barrier
- What the plasma membrane is made of
- What can and cannot cross the membrane
Membrane Transport
Membrane Transport
- Selective Permeability and Concentration Gradients
- Passive Transport Moves Down the Gradient
- Active Transport Moves Against the Gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
- How Molecular Structure Determines Membrane Permeability
- Passive Transport Mechanisms
- Transport Proteins in Facilitated Diffusion
Tonicity and Osmoregulation
Tonicity and Osmoregulation
- How Concentration Gradients Drive Water Movement
- Tonicity and Its Effects on Cells
- Water Potential and the Water Potential Equation
Mechanisms of Transport
Mechanisms of Transport
- Active transport across membranes
- Membrane proteins in active transport
- The sodium–potassium pump
Cell Compartmentalization
Cell Compartmentalization
- What Cell Compartmentalization Is
- Membrane-Bound Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells
- How Internal Membranes Improve Efficiency
Origins of Cell Compartmentalization
Origins of Cell Compartmentalization
- What Cell Compartmentalization Is
- Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Organization
- Major Membrane-Bound Organelles and What They Do
Notes
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