AP®︎ Biology Unit 7: Notes & Study Guide
Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with a comprehensive review on Unit 7 of AP Biology – Natural Selection.
Unit 7: Natural Selection
How populations change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation.
Begin with Topic 7.1: Introduction to Natural S...To review Unit 7, go through each of the 12 topics below.
Everything you actually need to know for your Unit 7 test, pulled directly from the AP® Biology curriculum.
Introduction to Natural Selection
Introduction to Natural Selection
- What Natural Selection Is
- The Four Conditions Required for Natural Selection
- Evolutionary Fitness
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
- Natural Selection
- Phenotypic Variation and Why It Matters
- How Variations Affect Fitness
Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection
- What Artificial Selection Is
- How Artificial Selection Changes Genetic Diversity
- Examples of Artificial Selection Over Time
Population Genetics
Population Genetics
- Evolution as Change in Allele Frequencies
- The Random Forces That Change Allele Frequencies
- Population Size and Random Change
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
- What Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium Is
- The Five Conditions Required for Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
- The Hardy–Weinberg Equations
Evidence of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution
- Evolution Is Supported by Multiple Independent Lines of Evidence
- Fossils and How We Date Them
- Morphological Evidence of Common Ancestry
Common Ancestry
Common Ancestry
- Common Ancestry of Eukaryotes
- The Three Shared Eukaryotic Features
- Why These Traits Are Strong Evidence
Continuing Evolution
Continuing Evolution
- Evolution as Ongoing Change in Populations
- Sources of Ongoing Genetic Change
- Evidence That Evolution Is Continuous
Phylogeny
Phylogeny
- What Phylogeny Is
- Types of Evolutionary Diagrams
- Evidence Used to Construct Phylogenies
Speciation
Speciation
- What a Species Is and When Speciation Happens
- Mechanisms That Cause and Maintain Reproductive Isolation
- Types of Speciation
Variations in Populations
Variations in Populations
- Genetic Diversity and Why It Matters
- High vs Low Genetic Diversity
- Alleles Depend on the Environment
Origins of Life on Earth
Origins of Life on Earth
- Earth’s Early Environment and the Window for Life
- Geological and Fossil Evidence for Early Life
- The RNA World Hypothesis
Notes
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