AP®︎ European History: Topic 1.1 Flashcards

The transitional period between medieval Europe and the modern industrial and political age, beginning around 1450

Renewed study of Greek and Roman texts in their original languages as models for education, ethics, politics, rhetoric, and art

A Renaissance educational and scholarly movement centered on classical language, history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, poetry, and literature

The humanist curriculum of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy based largely on classical texts

Critical study of a text’s language, manuscript variations, and historical setting to determine its meaning and authenticity

Renaissance interest in distinctive personalities, talents, reputations, and achievements, especially among educated and elite people

Heightened attention to worldly life, politics, wealth, reputation, and human affairs without necessarily rejecting religion

The commissioning and financing of art or scholarship by individuals or institutions for personal, political, civic, or religious purposes

Economic activity organized around private investment, profit, markets, credit, and the accumulation of capital

Profit-oriented economic activity based on merchants, trade, banking, finance, credit, and urban markets

The production of crops or livestock for market sale and profit rather than solely for household or local subsistence

Farming in which households produce primarily for their own use and local obligations rather than for market profit

A landed estate and system of obligations connecting peasants and landlords through rents, dues, or labor services

Supreme political authority within a territory, increasingly claimed by kings and princes over rival local and institutional powers

The process by which rulers placed taxation, justice, administration, and military power more consistently under central government control

A state whose ruler governed multiple territories that retained different laws, privileges, languages, and institutions

A territorially based state claiming authority over law and government independently of competing universal powers such as pope or emperor

Legal systems based increasingly on state authority, territorial jurisdiction, public order, and practical governance rather than solely on church authority

The period of sustained European maritime exploration, conquest, settlement, and commercial expansion beginning in the late fifteenth century

Identify a broader historical condition, describe it with specific evidence, and connect it directly to the development being explained