AP®︎ European History: Topic 5.2 Flashcards

The interconnected system linking European capital and manufactures, African enslaved labor, American silver and plantation goods, and Asian manufactured and luxury goods

Policies intended to strengthen the state through bullion, favorable trade balances, protected manufacturing, colonial monopolies, tariffs, and navigation restrictions

State-authorized joint-stock companies granted regional trade monopolies and powers such as governing settlements, taxing, negotiating treaties, and waging war

Dutch chartered company founded in 1602 that used monopoly rights, forts, armed forces, and coercion to dominate much of the East Indies spice trade

English chartered company founded in 1600 that evolved from a coastal trading enterprise into the predominant European territorial and fiscal power in India

English law requiring goods entering England or its colonies to travel in English ships or ships of the producing country, targeting Dutch carrying trade

Three wars fought in 1652–1654, 1665–1667, and 1672–1674 over shipping, trade routes, colonies, and strategic power, contributing to England’s maritime rise

The 1713 settlement ending the War of the Spanish Succession that granted Britain the asiento and an annual trading ship to Spanish America

The contract to supply enslaved Africans to Spanish America, granted to Britain in 1713 and used to expand legal and illegal British trade

War beginning in 1739 over British access to Spanish American markets and Spanish suppression of smuggling, later merging into the War of the Austrian Succession

The 1756–1763 global conflict in which British naval and financial strength defeated France across North America, the Caribbean, West Africa, and India

Settlement ending the Seven Years’ War that gave Britain Canada and Florida and ended France’s serious challenge to British political dominance in India

VOC domination of strategic ports and spice-producing regions in the Indonesian archipelago through monopolies, coerced deliveries, political intervention, and military force

Mid-eighteenth-century Indian conflicts in which British and French companies supported rival Indian rulers, ending with British predominance over France

Locally recruited Indian soldiers trained and commanded in European military styles by European trading companies

The 1757 victory in which Robert Clive and the British East India Company, aided by conspiracy and defections, gained decisive influence over wealthy Bengal

The East India Company’s 1764 victory that led to its acquisition of revenue-collecting authority in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa

The right to collect revenue in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, granted to the East India Company in 1765 and used to finance trade, armies, and expansion

Britain’s position by 1815 as India’s predominant European political and military power, with extensive direct and indirect control but not complete conquest

A state capable of collecting substantial taxes, borrowing through public debt, and maintaining permanent armed forces for prolonged warfare