AP®︎ European History: Topic 1.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.3 of AP European History – Northern Renaissance to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Northern Renaissance

Definition

Late-fifteenth- and sixteenth-century adaptation of Renaissance humanism and naturalism north of the Alps, marked by Christian reform, moral improvement, and attention to ordinary life

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Northern Renaissance
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Late-fifteenth- and sixteenth-century adaptation of Renaissance humanism and naturalism north of the Alps, marked by Christian reform, moral improvement, and attention to ordinary life

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.1.III.B
Christian Humanism
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Application of Renaissance learning and textual scholarship to Christianity to promote educated faith, moral renewal, and reform of the Church

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Ad Fontes (“To the Sources”)
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Humanist principle of studying foundational texts in their earliest accessible forms rather than relying on inherited summaries or commentaries

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Philology
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Critical study of language and texts through manuscript comparison, grammar, and word meanings to identify errors and reconstruct reliable texts

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Desiderius Erasmus
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Dutch Christian humanist who used classical learning, satire, education, and biblical philology to seek moral reform within the Catholic Church

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Philosophy of Christ
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Erasmus’s ideal of an inward, educated Christianity modeled on Christ’s ethical teachings rather than empty ritual or scholastic dispute

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
The Praise of Folly
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Erasmus’s 1511 satire exposing vanity, superstition, clerical worldliness, and hypocrisy in order to encourage Christian reform

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Thomas More
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English Christian humanist who used classical learning and moral criticism, most notably in Utopia, to question European social and political institutions

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Utopia
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Thomas More’s 1516 dialogue about an ambiguous imaginary society that criticizes European greed, inequality, punishment, warfare, and political corruption

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.2.I.A
Northern Renaissance Naturalism / Human-Centered Naturalism
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Closely observed representation of individualized people, objects, landscape, labor, domestic settings, and everyday life, often joined with religious meaning

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.1.III.B
Albrecht Dürer
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German artist who combined Italian perspective, proportion, and anatomy with northern detail, landscape, individuality, and Christian imagery, especially in prints

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.1.III.B
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
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Northern artist who made peasant labor, festivals, village customs, seasonal landscapes, and biblical scenes in contemporary settings subjects of serious art

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.1.III.B
Rembrandt van Rijn
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Seventeenth-century Dutch artist whose individualized faces, emotional realism, religious introspection, and observed daily life continued the northern naturalist tradition

Unit 1: Learning Objective DKC-1.1.III.B