AP®︎ European History: Topic 2.7 Flashcards

Style emerging in 1520s Italy that departed from High Renaissance balance through elongated bodies, difficult poses, unstable space, unnatural color, and intellectual complexity

Late-sixteenth- and seventeenth-century style using movement, emotion, dramatic light, monumental scale, and illusion to engage viewers and magnify religious or political authority

Modeling forms through strong contrasts of light and shade, intensified by Baroque artists for dramatic effect

Extreme light-dark contrast in which brightly illuminated figures emerge from deep surrounding darkness

The commissioning and financing of art by patrons who negotiated its subject, scale, materials, location, and intended religious, civic, or dynastic purpose

Catholic council of 1545–1563 that affirmed sacred images for instruction and devotion while demanding doctrinal clarity and decorum

Italian Mannerist painter whose elegant distortions and unstable spaces are exemplified by Madonna with the Long Neck

Parmigianino’s Mannerist painting with an elongated Virgin, oversized Christ child, crowded figures, and irrational spatial relationships

Italian Mannerist painter known for elongated, weightless figures, unstable compositions, and unusual colors

Pontormo’s Mannerist painting of grief using elongated, weightless figures, unusual colors, and an unstable composition with little visible ground

Crete-born painter active in Spain who combined Byzantine, Venetian, and Mannerist influences in elongated, intensely colored spiritual visions

El Greco’s painting contrasting a recognizable earthly burial with an elongated, compressed, and swirling heavenly realm

Early Baroque painter who combined ordinary-looking figures, decisive action, and tenebrism to make sacred events immediate and emotionally compelling

Caravaggio’s painting in which contemporary figures, Christ’s gesture, and a sharp beam of light dramatize Matthew’s moment of conversion

Leading sculptor and architect of papal Baroque Rome who integrated sculpture, architecture, light, movement, and ceremonial space

Baroque sculpture depicting David twisting during the sling’s release, extending action and tension into the viewer’s space

Monumental bronze canopy over the papal altar and Saint Peter’s tomb whose twisting columns and Barberini emblems proclaim papal continuity and power

Bernini’s theatrical chapel ensemble using animated marble, concealed light, and observing Cornaro patrons to stage Teresa’s mystical vision

Italian Baroque painter influenced by Caravaggio who built a courtly career and became known for forceful biblical heroines

Gentileschi’s Baroque painting of Judith and her maid killing Holofernes through strong diagonals, tenebrism, physical force, and decisive action

Flemish Baroque painter who combined Italian Renaissance monumentality, Caravaggesque drama, rich color, muscular bodies, and energetic movement in Catholic and courtly commissions

Rubens’s painting showing straining figures raising Christ on a powerful diagonal, combining muscular force, dramatic light, and spiritual sacrifice

Rubens’s monumental series combining the queen’s life with gods and allegory to turn contested events into a heroic claim of dynastic legitimacy