AP®︎ European History: Topic 6.1 Flashcards

The long-term transformation from agrarian, handicraft production to machine-powered factories, wage labor, mineral energy, and large markets, beginning in late-eighteenth-century Britain

A merchant supplied raw materials to rural households, which made goods with hand tools and returned the finished products for sale

The replacement or supplementation of skilled hand labor with machines

The concentration of workers, machinery, power, and raw materials in one workplace under centralized employer supervision

Work performed for monetary wages rather than through independent production with one's own land or tools

An economic system in which privately owned capital is invested in production for profit and goods and labor are exchanged through markets

The industrial phase beginning in late-eighteenth-century Britain and centered on textiles, coal, iron, steam power, and mechanized factories

A London exhibition in the glass-and-iron Crystal Palace that displayed British machinery, manufactured goods, imperial products, and industrial dominance

The industrial phase from about 1870 to 1914 centered on steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum, communications, and large-scale production

A customs union that reduced trade barriers among many German states and helped integrate markets and promote industrialization

The growth of towns and cities and the increasing proportion of the population living in them

The disruption of established communities, occupations, customs, and family arrangements by economic and social change

The property-owning and educated middle class of merchants, industrialists, professionals, managers, and civil servants

The industrial working class whose members lacked sufficient productive property and therefore sold their labor for wages

The middle-class ideal that men belonged in the public world of work and politics while women governed the private home and family

A model of marriage based more openly on affection and companionship, though economic considerations remained important

The expansion of mass purchasing encouraged by cheaper manufactured goods, improved distribution, advertising, and mass marketing