AP®︎ European History: Topic 9.6 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 9.6 of AP European History – Contemporary Western Democracies to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Mixed Economy
An economy combining private property and markets with government regulation, some state ownership, economic management, and extensive social services
An economy combining private property and markets with government regulation, some state ownership, economic management, and extensive social services
The view that governments can stabilize capitalism and reduce unemployment through public spending, taxation, and management of aggregate demand
The rapid Western and Central European growth of the 1950s and 1960s, marked by rising production, productivity, wages, and employment
West Germany’s exceptionally rapid postwar economic recovery, or “economic miracle,” which generated employment and revenue for social benefits
A government that assumes substantial responsibility for citizens’ social and economic well-being through benefits, insurance, and public services
Broad government protection throughout the life cycle, including health care, education, unemployment aid, family benefits, and old-age pensions
British Labour prime minister from 1945 to 1951 whose government created the NHS, expanded social insurance and housing, and nationalized major industries
The 1942 British report proposing comprehensive social insurance against poverty, disease, unemployment, and other forms of insecurity
Britain’s tax-financed health-care system, established in 1948 to provide care generally free at the point of use
The broad Labour and Conservative acceptance of the mixed economy, NHS, social insurance, and a government commitment to employment
French state direction of investment and modernization through planning and nationalized enterprises without eliminating private ownership or markets
West Germany’s combination of competitive private markets with government regulation, social insurance, and responsibility for economic security
The Swedish ideal of society as a community providing economic security and broadly accessible social services to all its members
A universalist welfare system providing extensive benefits across social classes as rights, financed through relatively high taxation
The principle that democratic citizenship includes economic security and social rights as well as formal political freedoms
The oil embargo and sharp price increase that raised European costs, slowed growth, and helped end the favorable conditions supporting welfare expansion
Economic stagnation or weak growth occurring together with high inflation, often accompanied by rising unemployment
A market-oriented program favoring privatization, deregulation, lower direct taxes, weaker unions, inflation control, and limits on public spending
An economic approach prioritizing control of the money supply and inflation over government spending to guarantee full employment
French Socialist president who began with nationalization and higher social spending in 1981 but adopted austerity in 1983 under economic pressure
A 1990s center-left approach accepting markets, privatization, and fiscal restraint while preserving public investment and core social protections
British Conservative prime minister from 1979 to 1990 whose market-oriented reforms challenged the postwar consensus but did not abolish the welfare state
Britain’s market-oriented program of privatization, deregulation, lower direct taxes, reduced trade-union power, and limits on public spending
