AP®︎ European History: Topic 4.5 Flashcards

The propertied urban and commercial middle classes whose values increasingly shaped eighteenth-century art, literature, consumption, and domestic culture

The expanding production and circulation of newspapers, books, pamphlets, periodicals, prints, and encyclopedias for a growing literate public

Diderot and d’Alembert’s 1751–1772 compilation of useful knowledge that publicized Enlightenment criticism despite government censorship

Enlightenment writer who principally edited the Encyclopédie and used works such as Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville to criticize European conventions and colonialism

Collectively expressed judgments about public issues formed by an expanding reading and discussing public outside direct official control

The realm of discussion and cultural exchange between private household life and official state authority

Commercial venues where mainly male merchants, professionals, writers, and readers consumed beverages, read periodicals, and exchanged political and commercial news

Elite gatherings, often organized by women, that brought nobles, intellectuals, artists, and prosperous commoners together for structured conversation

An idealized image of naturally virtuous non-European peoples used to contrast presumed natural simplicity with the corruption of European civilization

Grand, dramatic, emotional, and richly ornamented art and music used into about 1750 to inspire religious devotion and display monarchical power

Baroque sculptor and architect whose Ecstasy of Saint Teresa used movement, expression, and theatrical lighting to make Catholic devotion emotionally immediate

Baroque composer whose technically complex cantatas and Saint Matthew Passion expressed Lutheran faith within church and municipal patronage

Baroque composer whose Water Music served royal display and whose Messiah brought Christian themes to paying public audiences

A light, intimate, ornate style featuring delicate colors, curved forms, romantic play, and aristocratic leisure in private settings

Rococo painter whose Pilgrimage to Cythera portrayed aristocratic love and leisure in an idealized landscape

Rococo painter whose The Swing depicted flirtation, luxury, and erotic play in a private aristocratic setting

Market-oriented art for urban buyers that commonly depicted domestic interiors, family life, landscapes, still lifes, and civic or professional groups

Dutch painter whose quiet interior scenes emphasized domestic activity, material comfort, literacy, and carefully ordered household space

Dutch artist who produced portraits and group paintings for urban patrons, including The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

An extended prose narrative suited to print commerce and the exploration of individual development, domestic conflict, morality, economic ambition, and inward emotion

Author of Robinson Crusoe, which celebrated resourcefulness, labor, trade, and property while reflecting assumptions of European colonialism

Author of Pamela, an epistolary novel that used letters to reveal a young woman’s private thoughts and moral struggles

Author of Tom Jones, a comic novel that used social satire to portray a broad range of eighteenth-century English society

Author of The Sorrows of Young Werther, which centered intense individual emotion and anticipated Romanticism

Novelist who used irony to examine courtship, property, rank, manners, and women’s constrained choices in works such as Pride and Prejudice

A late-eighteenth-century revival of Greek and Roman forms emphasizing clarity, order, restraint, civic virtue, citizenship, and public duty

Neoclassical painter whose Oath of the Horatii elevated discipline, sacrifice, and civic duty above private emotion and luxury

A Neoclassical Paris building begun as a church and converted in 1791 into a secular mausoleum honoring distinguished citizens

Composer whose long service to the Esterházy family exemplified the persistence of aristocratic musical patronage

Composer who sought support through concerts, commissions, published music, and opera, revealing both the opportunities and insecurity of a commercial market

The eighteenth-century expansion in everyday purchasing of household goods and imported commodities, especially among prosperous and middling households

A small private sitting or dressing room, conventionally associated with an elite woman, that reflected the growing desire for privacy within the home