AP®︎ European History: Topic 5.8 Flashcards

Late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century movement that challenged Enlightenment rationalism by emphasizing emotion, imagination, intuition, spirituality, nature, individual experience, and historical particularity

Enlightenment thinker and Romantic forerunner who questioned civilization and reason alone, emphasizing natural goodness, conscience, sympathy, authenticity, and emotion

Rousseau's 1762 work advocating education through experience, nature, and a child's developmental stages rather than memorization and rigid discipline

Rousseau's autobiography examining memory, emotion, inner conflict, and individual uniqueness, anticipating Romantic interest in the self

A Romantic experience of attraction, awe, and fear before something so vast, powerful, or magnificent that it reveals human limitation

An intense, authentic, and often isolated or rebellious individual whose emotions place him in conflict with society and may lead to self-destruction

German “Storm and Stress” movement of the 1770s emphasizing emotional force, individual genius, and rebellion against social and artistic conventions

Goethe's 1774 novel about a sensitive young man's impossible love and suicide, establishing a model of the alienated Romantic hero

British Romantic poet who used ordinary language, rural subjects, memory, and encounters with nature as material for serious poetry

British Romantic poet who emphasized imagination, mystery, psychological experience, and the supernatural

Wordsworth and Coleridge's 1798 collection that broke with formal poetic conventions through ordinary language, nature, imagination, and supernatural themes

Goya's 1814 painting of French troops executing Spanish civilians, emphasizing terror, individual suffering, and resistance to foreign occupation

Friedrich's painting of a tiny solitary figure before an immense sea and sky, using human smallness to evoke the sublime

Composer bridging the Classical and Romantic eras who expanded music's scale and emotional range and elevated the composer as an independent creative genius

Beethoven's Third Symphony, publicly premiered in 1805, whose scale, conflict, and heroic tone reflected the revolutionary age and fascination with powerful individuals

Renewal of religion emphasizing heartfelt conversion, personal faith, conscience, spiritual experience, and moral community over formal routine or purely rational theology

Eighteenth-century British revival movement emphasizing personal conversion, assurance of salvation, emotional preaching, small-group discipline, lay participation, and outreach to poor and working people

Anglican clergyman who helped found Methodism and promoted experienced faith, itinerant preaching, disciplined fellowship, and personal moral improvement

The view of a nation as an organic historical community united by language, folklore, religion, memory, customs, music, and attachment to a homeland