AP®︎ European History: Topic 3.1 Flashcards

The process of expanding a territorial government's institutions, administrative capacity, and control over taxation, law, and military power

The 1648 settlement ending the Thirty Years’ War that reinforced territorial sovereignty and recognized Dutch, Swiss, and German territorial autonomy

The highest recognized authority within a territory, including final control over law, taxation, justice, diplomacy, and war

Territories united under one ruler while retaining separate laws, institutions, tax systems, languages, and privileges

Legal and political authority based increasingly on territorial governments rather than the church or a universal Christian order

The principle that preserving and strengthening the state could outweigh religious alliances or ordinary moral expectations

The concentration of taxation, law, administration, military power, and decision-making in a central government

A system in which a monarch claimed final sovereign authority unshared with representative institutions, despite practical limits and preserved elite privileges

A system in which law and representative institutions constrain monarchical authority, usually to protect propertied elites rather than establish democracy

A republic in which political power is exercised by a narrow group of urban, commercial, or landed elites

The principle that Parliament, rather than the monarch alone, possesses supreme lawmaking authority

The oligarchic, commercially oriented republic created by the northern Netherlands and governed through provincial institutions dominated by elites

A legally recognized body, such as an estate, town, church, guild, or noble order, possessing collective rights and privileges

Louis XIII’s chief minister from 1624 to 1642, who strengthened the French crown against nobles, Huguenot strongholds, and the Habsburgs

French revolts from 1648 to 1653 by officeholders, princes, and nobles resisting royal taxation and centralization; their failure strengthened the monarchy

The 1640 revolt against Spanish taxation, troop quartering, and centralization that defended Catalonia’s laws and institutions but failed by 1652

Regions such as Ireland, the Scottish Highlands, and Brittany whose languages, customs, religions, or privileges encouraged resistance to English or French centralization

The revolt against Habsburg Spain over provincial privileges, taxation, centralized rule, and religious repression that created the Dutch Republic and won recognition of its independence in 1648

Bohemian linguistic, religious, and estate traditions that supported resistance to Habsburg rule even after Habsburg victory weakened local autonomy

Explaining how broader developments surrounding an event or process made it possible or historically significant

A territorial state whose government claims final political authority within its borders without legal subordination to an outside power