AP®︎ European History: Topic 4.6 Flashcards

Centralized monarchy that imposed selected Enlightenment reforms from above while preserving the ruler’s sovereignty and autocratic power

Government organized to raise reliable revenue, administer society, and maintain strong armed forces

1648 settlement ending the Thirty Years’ War that confirmed imperial estates’ autonomy and recognized Calvinism, limiting centralization of the Holy Roman Empire

Fragmented central European polity of principalities, church territories, and free cities whose emperor had limited authority over its constituent states

Scattered Hohenzollern territories unified through centralized administration and a powerful standing army into a major European state

Prussian ruler who strengthened the army, bureaucracy, and finances while preserving Junker control over land and serfs

Prussian landowning nobles who retained authority over serfs and supplied the monarchy’s leading army officers

Prussian enlightened absolutist who promoted toleration, education, legal reform, and economic development while preserving autocracy, Junker privilege, and serfdom

Multinational collection of Austrian, Bohemian, Hungarian, and southeastern European hereditary lands that became the main basis of Habsburg power

Habsburg ruler who, after losing Silesia, strengthened central administration, reformed taxation and the army, and expanded state involvement in education despite limited commitment to Enlightenment toleration

Habsburg enlightened absolutist who pursued toleration, reduced serfdom, rationalized law, and centralized administration but provoked resistance and revoked many reforms

Joseph II’s policy of subordinating the Catholic Church to state supervision and directing religious institutions toward socially useful purposes

Joseph II’s 1781 decree permitting limited private worship and wider civil opportunities for Lutherans, Calvinists, and Orthodox Christians

Joseph II’s 1781 decree giving peasants greater freedom to marry, move, learn trades, and educate children without a lord’s permission

Russian ruler who embraced Enlightenment rhetoric and limited reforms while preserving autocracy, expanding serfdom, confirming noble privilege, and enlarging Russia

Catherine II’s 1767 Enlightenment-influenced statement on law, punishment, and government prepared for a proposed new Russian legal code

1773–1775 Cossack and peasant revolt after which Catherine II relied more heavily on nobles and maintained serfdom

Catherine II’s 1785 measure confirming the privileges of Russia’s nobility

Government permission for a religious group to exist or worship without necessarily granting it equal legal status

Treatment of religious belief and practice as a protected sphere of individual or communal choice

Equal access regardless of religion to ordinary rights such as property, residence, education, professions, legal standing, and public office

Removal of legal disabilities imposed on Jews so that they receive civil rights equal to those of other subjects or citizens

Central European use of administrative expertise and state-directed economic development to increase population, revenue, and military power

Long-term rivalry between Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy as separate power centers within German-speaking central Europe