AP®︎ European History: Topic 3.4 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.4 of AP European History – Economic Development and Mercantilism to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Mercantilism
Early modern system of state-directed commerce that used tariffs, monopolies, colonies, and protected trade to increase national wealth and power
Early modern system of state-directed commerce that used tariffs, monopolies, colonies, and protected trade to increase national wealth and power
A condition in which exports exceed imports, producing a surplus expected to bring money and bullion into the country
The imperial state that controlled a colony and directed its resources, markets, and trade toward metropolitan interests
Jean-Baptiste Colbert’s French mercantilist program of tariffs, subsidies, production standards, infrastructure, colonial expansion, and support for manufacturing and shipping
English laws beginning in 1651 that reserved much imperial trade for English ships and routed specified colonial goods and imports through England
A private company granted a government monopoly over trade in a region, sometimes with authority to build forts, govern settlements, negotiate, or wage war
A business in which multiple investors purchased shares and divided the profits or losses of costly commercial ventures
An integrated system linking Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas in which Europeans gained disproportionate control over shipping, colonial markets, and oceanic trade routes
The commercial network linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas through manufactured goods, enslaved people, plantation commodities, foodstuffs, and precious metals
Large-scale commercial farming organized to produce export crops such as sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, indigo, and cotton with bound or enslaved labor
The racialized, hereditary system that used enslaved Africans and their descendants as coerced labor, especially on American plantations
The forced transportation and sale of millions of Africans across the Atlantic to supply enslaved labor in the Americas
Model of Atlantic trade in which European goods went to Africa, enslaved Africans went to the Americas, and American commodities went to Europe
The brutal Atlantic crossing that forcibly carried enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas under deadly, overcrowded conditions
The eighteenth-century expansion of purchases by broader social groups of imported and commercially produced goods such as sugar, tea, coffee, tobacco, textiles, and porcelain
