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AP®︎ Human Geography Study Guides

Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with comprehensive study guides that cover everything you need to know. Select a unit or topic to begin.

Unit 1: Thinking Geographically

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 1.1
Introduction to Maps

Topic 1.2
Geographic Data

Topic 1.3
The Power of Geographic Data

Topic 1.4
Spatial Concepts

Topic 1.5
Human–Environmental Interaction

Topic 1.6
Scales of Analysis

Topic 1.7
Regional Analysis

Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 2.1
Population Distribution

Topic 2.2
Consequences of Population Distribution

Topic 2.3
Population Composition

Topic 2.4
Population Dynamics

Topic 2.5
The Demographic Transition Model

Topic 2.6
Malthusian Theory

Topic 2.7
Population Policies

Topic 2.8
Women and Demographic Change

Topic 2.9
Aging Populations

Topic 2.10
Causes of Migration

Topic 2.11
Forced and Voluntary Migration

Topic 2.12
Effects of Migration

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 3.1
Introduction to Culture

Topic 3.2
Cultural Landscapes

Topic 3.3
Cultural Patterns

Topic 3.4
Types of Diffusion

Topic 3.5
Historical Causes of Diffusion

Topic 3.6
Contemporary Causes of Diffusion

Topic 3.7
Diffusion of Religion and Language

Topic 3.8
Effects of Diffusion

Unit 4: Political Patterns and Processes

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 4.1
Introduction to Political Geography

Topic 4.2
Political Processes

Topic 4.3
Political Power and Territoriality

Topic 4.4
Defining Political Boundaries

Topic 4.5
The Function of Political Boundaries

Topic 4.6
Internal Boundaries

Topic 4.7
Forms of Governance

Topic 4.8
Defining Devolutionary Factors

Topic 4.9
Challenges to Sovereignty

Topic 4.10
Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces

Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes

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Topic 5.1
Introduction to Agriculture

Topic 5.2
Settlement Patterns and Survey Methods

Topic 5.3
Agricultural Origins and Diffusions

Topic 5.4
The Second Agricultural Revolution

Topic 5.5
The Green Revolution

Topic 5.6
Agricultural Production Regions

Topic 5.7
Spatial Organization of Agriculture

Topic 5.8
Von Thünen Model

Topic 5.9
The Global System of Agriculture

Topic 5.10
Consequences of Agricultural Practices

Topic 5.11
Challenges of Contemporary Agriculture

Topic 5.12
Women in Agriculture

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes

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Complete Unit Review

Topic 6.1
The Origin and Influences of Urbanization

Topic 6.2
Cities Across the World

Topic 6.3
Cities and Globalization

Topic 6.4
The Size and Distribution of Cities

Topic 6.5
The Internal Structure of Cities

Topic 6.6
Density and Land Use

Topic 6.7
Infrastructure

Topic 6.8
Urban Sustainability

Topic 6.9
Urban Data

Topic 6.10
Challenges of Urban Changes

Topic 6.11
Challenges of Urban Sustainability

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 7.1
The Industrial Revolution

Topic 7.2
Economic Sectors and Patterns

Topic 7.3
Measures of Development

Topic 7.4
Women and Economic Development

Topic 7.5
Theories of Development

Topic 7.6
Trade and the World Economy

Topic 7.7
Changes as a Result of the World Economy

Topic 7.8
Sustainable Development

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