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AP®︎ Chemistry Study Guides

Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with comprehensive study guides that cover everything you need to know. Select a unit or topic to begin.

Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 1.1
Moles and Molar Mass

Topic 1.2
Mass Spectra of Elements

Topic 1.3
Elemental Composition of Pure Substances

Topic 1.4
Composition of Mixtures

Topic 1.5
Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration

Topic 1.6
Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Topic 1.7
Periodic Trends

Topic 1.8
Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds

Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 2.1
Types of Chemical Bonds

Topic 2.2
Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy

Topic 2.3
Structure of Ionic Solids

Topic 2.4
Structure of Metals and Alloys

Topic 2.5
Lewis Diagrams

Topic 2.6
Resonance and Formal Charge

Topic 2.7
VSEPR and Hybridization

Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 3.1
Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces

Topic 3.2
Properties of Solids

Topic 3.3
Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Topic 3.4
Ideal Gas Law

Topic 3.5
Kinetic Molecular Theory

Topic 3.6
Deviation from Ideal Gas Law

Topic 3.7
Solutions and Mixtures

Topic 3.8
Representations of Solutions

Topic 3.9
Separation of Solutions and Mixtures

Topic 3.10
Solubility

Topic 3.11
Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Topic 3.12
Properties of Photons

Topic 3.13
Beer-Lambert Law

Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 4.1
Introduction for Reactions

Topic 4.2
Net Ionic Equations

Topic 4.3
Representations of Reactions

Topic 4.4
Physical and Chemical Changes

Topic 4.5
Stoichiometry

Topic 4.6
Introduction to Titration

Topic 4.7
Types of Chemical Reactions

Topic 4.8
Introduction to Acid-Base Reactions

Topic 4.9
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Unit 5: Kinetics

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 5.1
Reaction Rates

Topic 5.2
Introduction to Rate Law

Topic 5.3
Concentration Changes Over Time

Topic 5.4
Elementary Reactions

Topic 5.5
Collision Model

Topic 5.6
Reaction Energy Profile

Topic 5.7
Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms

Topic 5.8
Reaction Mechanism and Rate Law

Topic 5.9
Pre-Equilibrium Approximation

Topic 5.10
Multistep Reaction Energy Profile

Topic 5.11
Catalysis

Unit 6: Thermochemistry

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 6.1
Endothermic and Exothermic Processes

Topic 6.2
Energy Diagrams

Topic 6.3
Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium

Topic 6.4
Heat Capacity and Calorimetry

Topic 6.5
Energy of Phase Changes

Topic 6.6
Introduction to Enthalpy of Reaction

Topic 6.7
Bond Enthalpies

Topic 6.8
Enthalpy of Formation

Topic 6.9
Hess’s Law

Unit 7: Equilibrium

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 7.1
Introduction to Equilibrium

Topic 7.2
Direction of Reversible Reactions

Topic 7.3
Reaction Quotient and Equilibrium Constant

Topic 7.4
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

Topic 7.5
Magnitude of the Equilibrium Constant

Topic 7.6
Properties of the Equilibrium Constant

Topic 7.7
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

Topic 7.8
Representations of Equilibrium

Topic 7.9
Introduction to Le Châtelier's Principle

Topic 7.10
Reaction Quotient and Le Châtelier’s Principle

Topic 7.11
Introduction to Solubility Equilibria

Topic 7.12
Common-Ion Effect

Unit 8: Acids and Bases

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 8.1
Introduction to Acids and Bases

Topic 8.2
pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases

Topic 8.3
Weak Acid and Base Equilibria

Topic 8.4
Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers

Topic 8.5
Acid-Base Titrations

Topic 8.6
Molecular Structure of Acids and Bases

Topic 8.7
pH and pKa

Topic 8.8
Properties of Buffers

Topic 8.9
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Topic 8.10
Buffer Capacity

Topic 8.11
pH and Solubility

Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry

All Topics
Complete Unit Review

Topic 9.1
Introduction to Entropy

Topic 9.2
Absolute Entropy and Entropy Change

Topic 9.3
Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability

Topic 9.4
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control

Topic 9.5
Free Energy and Equilibrium

Topic 9.6
Free Energy of Dissolution

Topic 9.7
Coupled Reactions

Topic 9.8
Galvanic (Voltaic) and Electrolytic Cells

Topic 9.9
Cell Potential and Free Energy

Topic 9.10
Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions

Topic 9.11
Electrolysis and Faraday’s Law

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