AP®︎ US History: Topic 8.14 Flashcards

Belief that an active federal government should promote economic security, reduce poverty, protect civil rights, and solve national problems

Republican whose 1964 presidential campaign promoted limited government, individual responsibility, and strong anticommunism while helping organize modern conservatism

Segregationist Alabama governor whose 1968 third-party campaign attacked civil rights enforcement, busing, protesters, and liberal elites

Republican president who won support through appeals to law and order, the silent majority, and white southern voters while retaining much of the welfare state

Nixon’s term for Americans who opposed protest, disorder, and rapid cultural change but were not highly visible political activists

Conservative appeal linking crime, urban unrest, campus demonstrations, and antiwar protests to the claim that liberal authorities had lost control

Republican effort to attract white southern voters through states’ rights, law and order, limits on federal intervention, and opposition to busing

Organized conservative network that united economic, social, religious, and anticommunist activists through policy groups, fundraising, media, and voter mobilization

Conservative think tank founded in 1973 that developed policy proposals and research for conservative politicians

New Right strategist who used targeted direct mail to raise money and mobilize conservative supporters

Court-ordered transportation of students outside their neighborhoods to integrate schools divided by residential segregation

1971 Supreme Court decision upholding busing as a permissible remedy for deliberate school segregation

1974 Supreme Court decision limiting metropolitan desegregation by generally excluding suburbs unless they had deliberately contributed to segregation

Policies considering race in employment, education, or contracting to address past discrimination and continuing inequality

1978 Supreme Court decision striking down a fixed racial admissions quota but allowing race to remain one admissions factor

1973 Supreme Court decision protecting abortion choice under a constitutional right to privacy while allowing greater regulation later in pregnancy

Opposing movements that treated abortion respectively as a matter of privacy and bodily autonomy or as unborn life requiring protection

Proposed amendment declaring that rights could not be denied because of sex; it fell three states short of ratification

Conservative activist who led opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment and defended traditional family and gender roles

Phyllis Schlafly’s campaign claiming the ERA would weaken protections for women, disrupt families, and expose women to the military draft

Singer and evangelical activist who led a successful 1977 campaign to repeal Dade County protections against sexual-orientation discrimination

Anita Bryant’s 1977 campaign portraying gay rights as a threat to children and traditional family life

1962 Supreme Court decision prohibiting state-sponsored prayer in public schools

1963 Supreme Court decision prohibiting school-sponsored Bible reading in public schools

Political conflicts over abortion, gender, sexuality, religion, education, family life, and competing meanings of freedom and social order

Christian movement emphasizing personal conversion, biblical authority, and evangelism whose rapid growth supplied networks for religious conservative political activism

Christian movement sharing evangelical beliefs while placing additional emphasis on direct experiences of the Holy Spirit

Evangelical broadcaster whose Christian Broadcasting Network used mass media to build a national religious audience

Television preacher who founded the Moral Majority and organized conservative Christians as a political constituency

Organization founded by Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christians around abortion, family, education, and electoral politics

Unusual 1970s combination of economic stagnation, unemployment, and high inflation

Decline of older American manufacturing industries and communities through factory closings, job losses, and growing foreign competition

Restriction of oil exports by Arab producers that caused shortages, higher energy prices, and greater awareness of U.S. dependence on foreign oil

Movement demanding lower taxes and limits on government spending, especially when inflation rose and public services seemed ineffective

California’s 1978 measure sharply limiting property taxes and requiring supermajorities for certain future tax increases

Scandal involving the 1972 Democratic headquarters break-in and Nixon administration cover-up that led to Nixon’s resignation and deeper public distrust

1974 unanimous Supreme Court decision rejecting Nixon’s claim of absolute executive privilege and ordering release of the Watergate tapes

Ford’s 1974 pardon of Nixon, defended as ending a national ordeal but widely viewed as protecting a powerful official from accountability

1975 Senate investigation exposing CIA assassination plots, domestic surveillance, and FBI abuses against political activists

1979 seizure of the U.S. embassy in Tehran and prolonged captivity of American hostages, worsened by a failed 1980 rescue attempt

1979 Soviet military intervention that undermined détente and revived American fears of Soviet expansion

Carter’s July 1979 address linking energy dependence and political distrust to a national loss of faith, though he never used the word “malaise.”

Conservative Republican who promised lower taxes, smaller domestic government, traditional values, stronger defense, and renewed national confidence

Reagan decisively defeated Carter and Republicans won the Senate, marking the political culmination of the conservative transition

Traditionally Democratic working-class voters who supported Reagan because of economic dissatisfaction, cultural conservatism, or demands for stronger leadership

Movement seeking equal rights and antidiscrimination protections for gay and lesbian Americans whose 1970s gains provoked organized conservative resistance

Democratic president whose struggles with stagflation, energy shortages, and the Iran hostage crisis failed to restore public confidence and contributed to his 1980 defeat