AP®︎ US History: Topic 2.6 Flashcards

Temporary labor under a fixed contract, usually four to seven years, exchanged for passage and support; its declining supply helped slavery expand

Site and year of the first recorded Africans’ arrival in English Virginia, beginning a permanent African presence in the mainland colonies

Virginia’s 1676 uprising that exposed planter fears of landless former servants and accelerated the shift toward enslaved African labor and white privilege

A lifelong, hereditary system in which enslaved people were legally treated as property that could be bought, sold, or inherited

The forced Atlantic transportation and sale of African captives that supplied colonial labor; all British colonies participated, though most captives went to the Caribbean

The brutal Atlantic voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas, marked by confinement, abuse, disease, inadequate provisions, and high mortality

Limited on small farms but significant in households, workshops, maritime trades, and ports such as Boston and Newport

Urban and rural slavery supporting ports, artisan work, farms, and estates, but less dominant than in southern plantation regions

Tobacco-based plantation slavery that replaced indentured labor and increasingly grew through natural increase, supporting multigenerational communities

South Carolina and Georgia’s rice-and-indigo plantation system, with large enslaved populations, continued African imports, and harsh disease environments

Lowcountry labor arrangement assigning specific daily tasks, sometimes leaving workers limited time for gardens, crafts, households, or trade

Distinct Lowcountry culture blending multiple African traditions with European and American influences, aided by African concentration and plantation isolation

The most intensive British plantation slavery, driven by sugar and characterized by enslaved majorities, brutal labor, and continued imports

Virginia’s 1662 rule that a child inherited the mother’s status, making the children of enslaved women enslaved for life

Colonial laws that made slavery permanent and racial while restricting enslaved people’s movement, assembly, weapons, testimony, education, and economic activity

A labor, property, legal, and social system that tied African ancestry to permanent enslavement while granting privileges to people classified as white

Overt resistance openly challenged slavery through rebellion, violence, or escape; covert resistance quietly reduced enslavers’ control through everyday actions

A 1739 South Carolina uprising in which enslaved people seized weapons and marched toward Spanish Florida before militia suppression

South Carolina law passed after the Stono Rebellion that tightened restrictions on enslaved people’s movement, assembly, education, and economic activity

Settlements created by fugitives in swamps, forests, and other hard-to-control areas beyond slaveholders’ immediate authority

Covert actions such as slowing work, feigning illness, breaking tools, damaging crops, stealing provisions, negotiating tasks, or leaving temporarily

Enslaved people formed partnerships, families, extended networks, and fictive kin to provide care and defend community despite sale and forced separation

The blending of African spiritual traditions and Christianity into new religious beliefs and practices under slavery

Population growth through births rather than continued importation, which increasingly sustained the Chesapeake’s enslaved population