AP®︎ US History: Topic 4.3 Flashcards

Northeast: manufacturing, commerce, tariffs, and stable finance; South: plantation slavery, exports, and low tariffs; West: cheap land, credit, transportation, and settlement

1814–1815 meeting where New England Federalists protested the War of 1812 and proposed constitutional limits; the nationalist backlash hastened the Federalist Party’s collapse

Monroe-era decline of national party competition after the Federalists collapsed; apparent unity concealed disputes over economic policy, federal power, and slavery

Kentucky leader who championed the American System and helped negotiate the Missouri Compromise to preserve national unity

Henry Clay’s plan to unify the economy through a protective tariff, the Second Bank, and federally supported roads and canals

First federal tariff primarily intended to protect U.S. industry by raising selected import prices; support shifted toward the manufacturing Northeast and opposition toward the agricultural South

National bank chartered in 1816 to stabilize currency and credit; supporters valued financial order, while critics viewed it as serving wealthy eastern interests

Government-supported roads and canals intended to connect regional markets; western support met southern cost concerns and constitutional objections to broad federal funding

Major federally supported highway across the Appalachians that connected western settlement and agriculture with eastern markets

First major post-Constitution depression; credit contraction caused failures, foreclosures, and unemployment and intensified western hostility toward the Second Bank

New England leader who opposed the Tariff of 1816 when commerce dominated his region but later supported protection as northeastern manufacturing expanded

South Carolina leader who initially supported tariffs and internal improvements as a nationalist but later defended southern sectional interests and limited federal power

1819 sectional conflict over admitting Missouri as a slave state, which threatened the Senate balance and divided the northern House from the evenly balanced Senate

New York representative who proposed restricting slavery in Missouri through the Tallmadge Amendment

1819 proposal to bar additional enslaved people from Missouri and gradually emancipate children born there; the House approved it, but the Senate rejected it

Admitted Maine free and Missouri slave while banning slavery north of 36°30′ in the Louisiana Purchase except Missouri, temporarily preserving sectional balance

Southern and western nationalists who supported the War of 1812 to defend national honor, challenge Britain, and possibly acquire territory

Import tax intended to aid domestic manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive; increasingly favored in the Northeast and opposed in the agricultural South