AP®︎ US History: Topic 2.5 Flashcards

Fur-trade and military partnerships linking sparsely settled New France with the Wendat, Algonquin, and other Native peoples through commerce, kinship, and mutual defense

Powerful confederacy of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and later Tuscarora that used trade and imperial rivalry to preserve autonomy

Seventeenth-century wars in which the Haudenosaunee fought the Wendat and other French allies for hunting territory and control of the fur trade

Continuing series of diplomatic agreements that connected the Haudenosaunee with British colonies while allowing Haudenosaunee leaders to defend their autonomy

Leader of the Powhatan chiefdom who initially traded and negotiated with Jamestown while trying to contain the English within his regional political system

Powhatan’s daughter whose conversion and 1614 marriage to John Rolfe supported several years of peace without resolving English-Powhatan land conflicts

Powhatan leader who organized the 1622 and 1644 attacks against expanding English settlement in Virginia

Series of Virginia conflicts ending in 1646 with surviving Powhatan communities subordinated, territorially restricted, and deprived of much political independence

1636–1637 war in which English colonists and Mohegan and Narragansett allies defeated the Pequot, killing, enslaving, dispersing, or subordinating survivors

Wampanoag leader who allied with Plymouth in 1621 for trade and mutual defense, including protection against the Narragansett

Massasoit’s son and Wampanoag leader who headed a Native coalition resisting English land expansion and colonial authority in 1675–1676

1675–1676 New England war over land and colonial authority that ended with Metacom’s death, Native displacement and enslavement, and greater English control

Quaker founder of Pennsylvania whose negotiation, land purchases, and respect for Native political rights initially supported peaceful relations with the Lenni Lenape

1737 Pennsylvania land seizure using a disputed deed and trained runners to claim far more Lenape territory than the Lenape believed they had surrendered

1711 conflict caused by North Carolina encroachment, exploitative trade, debt, and Native enslavement; defeat drove many Tuscarora north to join the Haudenosaunee

1715–1717 uprising against South Carolina caused by abusive trade, debt, land pressure, and enslavement fears that nearly destroyed the colony

Colonial institutions that pursued Native conversion while imposing labor, tribute, and suppression of Indigenous ceremonies, provoking resistance among Pueblo peoples

Tewa religious leader who organized Pueblo communities in the coordinated 1680 revolt that expelled the Spanish from New Mexico

Popé-led 1680 uprising that expelled Spain from New Mexico for twelve years and later prompted greater Spanish tolerance of Pueblo religion and leadership

Spanish leader who began the reconquest of New Mexico in 1692, restoring Spanish rule and missions under a more accommodating colonial regime

Blending Christian teachings with Native beliefs and practices rather than wholly accepting or rejecting European religion

Fur-trade relationship in which the Dutch supplied the Haudenosaunee with manufactured goods and firearms, strengthening their position against rival Native nations