AP®︎ US History: Topic 7.3 Flashcards

1898 war in which the United States defeated Spain, gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and brought Cuba under strong U.S. influence

Cuban nationalist revolt against Spanish rule beginning in 1895 that prompted U.S. intervention and the Spanish–American War

Cuban nationalist writer and organizer who helped inspire and organize the 1895 revolt against Spain before being killed in the fighting

Spanish general who tried to suppress Cuba’s revolt through reconcentration, producing widespread civilian suffering and stronger American support for intervention

Weyler’s policy of forcing rural Cubans into guarded towns and camps to separate civilians from insurgents, causing extensive suffering and death

Sensationalized reporting that emphasized Spanish atrocities and Cuban suffering, shaping public opinion and increasing political pressure for intervention

Private 1898 letter by Spanish ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lôme insulting President McKinley; its publication heightened tensions with Spain

American battleship destroyed in Havana Harbor in February 1898; although Spain’s responsibility was unproved, its sinking became a rallying cry for war

President who initially pursued diplomacy, then requested intervention in Cuba and defended subsequent American control of the Philippines

1898 declaration that the United States would not annex Cuba and would leave the island to its people after restoring peace

American commodore whose Asiatic Squadron destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet at Manila Bay, opening the way for U.S. control of the Philippines

May 1898 American naval victory that destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet and made control of the Philippines central to the peace settlement

Filipino nationalist leader who fought Spain, declared Philippine independence, and then led resistance to American colonial rule

Assistant secretary of the navy who promoted Pacific preparedness, then gained fame fighting in Cuba with the Rough Riders

African American regular army troops who played important roles in the Cuban campaign, including the fighting at the San Juan Heights

Major American victory near Santiago involving attacks on San Juan and Kettle Hills that helped collapse Spain’s position in Cuba

Treaty ending the war: Spain relinquished Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, and ceded the Philippines for $20 million

1901 measure limiting Cuban sovereignty, authorizing U.S. intervention, and requiring land for naval bases, including Guantánamo Bay

1899–1902 war in which the United States defeated Filipino nationalists seeking independence and established American colonial rule

McKinley’s proclamation portraying American rule in the Philippines as protective and beneficial while treating Filipino consent as secondary

Secretary of state who called the conflict a “splendid little war” and issued the Open Door notes seeking equal commercial access in China

John Hay’s policy asking foreign powers to preserve equal commercial access to China and respect China’s territorial integrity

Chinese uprising against foreign influence and Christian missions that the United States helped an international expedition suppress in 1900

Supreme Court decisions holding that full constitutional rights did not automatically extend to all residents of newly acquired U.S. territories

Publisher of the New York Journal, which used sensational coverage of Cuba to attract readers and increase pressure for intervention

Publisher of the New York World, which competed with Hearst's Journal through sensational coverage of the Cuban conflict

Volunteer cavalry regiment associated with Theodore Roosevelt and publicized for its role in the fighting at the San Juan Heights