AP®︎ US History: Topic 3.2 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.2 of AP US History – The Seven Years’ War (The French and Indian War) to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Seven Years’ War / French and Indian War
Global imperial war, 1756–1763, whose North American fighting began in 1754; Britain defeated France, gained extensive territory and debt, and then sought more colonial revenue and control
Global imperial war, 1756–1763, whose North American fighting began in 1754; Britain defeated France, gained extensive territory and debt, and then sought more colonial revenue and control
Contested interior region claimed for British settlement and trade, needed by France to connect Canada with Louisiana, and defended by Native peoples as their homeland
Native confederacy connected to Britain through the Covenant Chain but often balancing Britain and France to preserve its independence and influence
Virginia officer whose 1754 clash at Jumonville Glen and surrender at Fort Necessity helped ignite the war and gave him early military experience
French fort at the forks of the Ohio that the French abandoned in 1758; Britain occupied and renamed it Fort Pitt
Hastily built fort where French and Native forces compelled George Washington to surrender in July 1754
1754 meeting of seven colonies called to strengthen Iroquois relations and coordinate defense against France
Benjamin Franklin’s rejected plan for a Crown-appointed president-general and colonial grand council to manage defense, western affairs, and shared funds
Colonial leader who proposed the Albany Plan of Union and promoted cooperation through the “Join, or Die” cartoon
Franklin’s segmented-snake cartoon warning that the colonies would remain vulnerable unless they united for defense
British general killed in 1755 when French and Native forces defeated his expedition against Fort Duquesne
Principal organizer of Britain’s war effort from 1757 who sent more troops and naval support, spent heavily, and reimbursed colonies for military expenses
Decisive 1759 British victory outside Quebec that opened the heart of New France to conquest; Wolfe and Montcalm were both mortally wounded
British general who defeated French forces at the Plains of Abraham in 1759 and died from his wounds
French commander defeated by James Wolfe at the Plains of Abraham in 1759 who was mortally wounded in the battle
Peace treaty giving Britain Canada, French claims east of the Mississippi except New Orleans, and Spanish Florida, while Spain received western Louisiana and New Orleans
British commander whose reductions in diplomatic gifts and restrictions on ammunition and trade goods worsened relations with Native nations
Ottawa leader associated with the broad 1763 Native resistance to British forts and settlement, though he did not control the entire movement
1763 multi-Nation Native resistance that attacked British forts and settlements around the Great Lakes and Ohio country in defense of land, trade, and autonomy
Crown order barring private settlement west of the Appalachian boundary and reserving western lands for Native peoples under imperial supervision
French colonial empire built around forts, the fur trade, and Native alliances, with a small population linking Canada, the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi Valley
