AP®︎ US History: Topic 5.9 Flashcards

Union president whose leadership shifted the war from preserving the Union alone toward preserving a nation committed to emancipation, equality, and democratic government

Lincoln’s 1861 address denying the legality of secession while stating that he lacked authority or intent to abolish slavery in existing states

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, loyal slave states Lincoln handled cautiously to keep them from joining the Confederacy; West Virginia joined the Union in 1863

Lincoln’s wartime denial of some detainees’ right to have a court review their imprisonment, justified as necessary to suppress rebellion and protect the Union

The 1861 ruling in which Roger B. Taney argued that the president could not suspend habeas corpus without congressional authorization; Lincoln rejected the order

Chief justice who ruled in Ex parte Merryman that Lincoln lacked authority to suspend habeas corpus without Congress

Congressional law expressly authorizing the president to suspend habeas corpus during the rebellion

The 1866 decision holding that civilians could not be tried by military tribunals where ordinary civilian courts remained open

Union general who refused to return escapees at Fort Monroe in 1861 and classified their labor as contraband of war

Policy treating enslaved people who reached Union lines as confiscated enemy resources rather than returning them to Confederate enslavers

The 1861 law permitting the Union to seize enslaved people whose labor was used directly to support the Confederate war effort

The 1862 law declaring free enslaved people of Confederate rebels who came under Union control

A plan to pay enslavers for freeing enslaved people, enacted in Washington, D.C., but largely rejected by loyal slave-state representatives

Lincoln’s September 22, 1862 warning after Antietam that enslaved people in areas still rebelling on January 1 would be declared free

Lincoln’s January 1, 1863 military order declaring enslaved people in areas still in rebellion free, authorizing Black enlistment, and making emancipation an official Union war aim

About 180,000 Black men served in the Union Army and 20,000 in the Navy, adding manpower, weakening the Confederacy, and strengthening demands for citizenship

Famous Black Union regiment led by white officers whose costly 1863 assault on Fort Wagner challenged racist doubts about Black soldiers

Confederate strategy of using European dependence on Southern cotton to gain recognition or intervention from Britain or France

The first national conscription law in American history, adopted when voluntary enlistment could no longer meet Confederate military needs

Union law establishing a federal draft for most men ages 20 to 45 while allowing a substitute or a $300 commutation payment

Confederate draft exemption generally allowing one white man to remain on a plantation with at least 20 enslaved people

Violent July 1863 uprising against the Union draft that became racist attacks on Black New Yorkers, abolitionists, and the Colored Orphan Asylum

Northern Democrats who favored ending the war through negotiation and opposed policies such as emancipation, conscription, and military arrests

Leading Copperhead arrested and convicted for an antiwar speech, then ordered by Lincoln to be sent into the Confederacy

April 1863 protest in which women and other Richmond residents looted stores because of severe food shortages and inflation

Lincoln defeated George B. McClellan after Union military victories, affirming continued war, emancipation, and refusal to accept Confederate independence

Former Union general and 1864 Democratic presidential nominee who opposed Lincoln’s conduct of the war but rejected simply abandoning the Union effort

The 1864 coalition of Republicans and prowar Democrats that nominated Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson on a national-unity platform

Lincoln’s 1863 speech linking Union victory to equality, democratic self-government, and a national “new birth of freedom.”

Lincoln’s 1865 speech identifying slavery as the war’s fundamental cause while calling for reunion “with malice toward none; with charity for all.”