AP®︎ US History: Topic 5.10 Flashcards

The 1865–1877 process of restoring the former Confederate states, rebuilding the South, and defining freedom and citizenship after slavery

President who favored rapid, lenient reunion through the Ten Percent Plan and showed limited late support for Black male suffrage

Lincoln’s plan allowing a state government to form when 10 percent of its 1860 voters swore loyalty and accepted emancipation

Congressional plan requiring a majority of white men to swear they had never voluntarily supported the Confederacy; Lincoln pocket-vetoed it

Sherman’s wartime order reserving some coastal land for freed families, inspiring an expectation of land reform that never became a general guarantee

Federal agency that provided relief, schools, legal assistance, and labor supervision to freedpeople and some poor whites after the war

Lincoln’s successor, a racist southern Unionist who favored rapid restoration of white-controlled governments and opposed Black political equality

Johnson’s lenient restoration program requiring loyalty, rejection of secession and Confederate debt, and ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment but not Black suffrage

Southern laws that restricted freedpeople’s movement, employment, legal rights, and autonomy to preserve white control and a dependent labor force

Moderates initially sought basic civil equality and orderly readmission; Radicals demanded stronger federal protection, Black male suffrage, and deeper southern reform

Leading House Radical Republican who advocated strong federal Reconstruction, Black rights, and redistribution of some former Confederate land

Leading Senate Radical Republican who supported strong federal protection and political equality for African Americans

Law declaring U.S.-born people citizens regardless of race and protecting contracts, property, lawsuits, and testimony; enacted over Johnson’s veto

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, which abolished slavery, established national citizenship and equal protection, and prohibited racial discrimination in voting

1865 amendment abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude nationwide except as punishment for a crime after conviction

1868 amendment establishing birthright citizenship and barring states from abridging citizens’ privileges or immunities or denying due process or equal protection

1870 amendment prohibiting denial of voting rights because of race, color, or previous servitude, protecting Black male but not women’s suffrage

Organization founded in 1869 by Stanton and Anthony to seek a federal women’s suffrage amendment and a broad women’s rights program

Organization founded in 1869 by Stone and Blackwell that supported the Fifteenth Amendment and pursued women’s suffrage mainly state by state

Republican-led Reconstruction tying readmission to federal protection of civil rights, Black male political participation, and ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

1867 laws dividing ten former Confederate states into five military districts and requiring biracial voting, new constitutions, and Fourteenth Amendment ratification

1867 law requiring Senate consent to remove certain confirmed officials, used against Johnson after he tried to dismiss Edwin Stanton

The House impeached Johnson in 1868 mainly over the Tenure of Office Act, but the Senate acquitted him by one vote and did not remove him

Pejorative name for white southern Republicans who supported Reconstruction and the region’s biracial Republican governments

Pejorative name for northerners who moved South after the war as officials, teachers, missionaries, veterans, workers, or investors

Reconstruction-era southern governments that protected Black male voting, expanded public services, rebuilt infrastructure, and established public-school systems

White supremacist terrorist organization founded in 1866 that used violence to suppress Black voting and destroy the southern Republican coalition

1870–1871 laws making interference with voting and civil rights a federal offense and authorizing federal supervision and prosecution

Enforcement law allowing the president to use federal force and, in limited cases, suspend habeas corpus against organized racial terrorism

President who used the Enforcement and Ku Klux Klan Acts to suppress Klan terrorism temporarily, especially in South Carolina

Women’s rights leader who opposed the Fifteenth Amendment without women’s suffrage and helped found the National Woman Suffrage Association

Women’s rights leader who opposed the Fifteenth Amendment without women’s suffrage and helped found the National Woman Suffrage Association

Suffrage leader who supported the Fifteenth Amendment while continuing to seek women’s enfranchisement, chiefly through state campaigns

Suffrage leader who supported the Fifteenth Amendment and helped organize the state-focused American Woman Suffrage Association

Congressional committee created to investigate conditions in the South and recommend a congressional Reconstruction policy