AP®︎ US History: Topic 8.12 Flashcards

Postwar surge in births that produced the unusually large generation reaching adolescence and college age during the 1960s

The widening divide between many young Americans and their parents over politics, authority, lifestyles, and social values

The interconnected political, economic, military, educational, and cultural institutions that youth activists believed held authority

Mostly young activists who sought participatory democracy and structural reform while criticizing conservatism and cautious mainstream liberalism

The leading national student organization of the New Left, known for campus activism, participatory democracy, and opposition to Vietnam

SDS's 1962 manifesto criticizing racism, militarism, political apathy, and bureaucracy while calling for participatory democracy

SDS activist who was the principal author of the 1962 Port Huron Statement

The New Left ideal that people should directly influence decisions affecting their lives rather than defer to distant institutions

The successful 1964 Berkeley student campaign against university restrictions on campus political advocacy and organizing

Leading spokesperson for Berkeley's Free Speech Movement who condemned the university as a bureaucratic machine

The 1968 student occupations opposing Columbia's military connections, institutional authority, and proposed gymnasium near Harlem

The expanding movement against the Vietnam War and draft, ranging from liberal demands for withdrawal to radical rejection of the political system

The system that conscripted young men for military service and fueled protest because its burdens appeared unequal

An extended campus discussion in which faculty and activists examined the history, policy, and morality of the Vietnam War

Description of Vietnam as the first war whose recurring combat footage and casualties entered American homes through television

The growing divide between optimistic government claims about Vietnam and public perceptions of rising troops, casualties, and failure

The January 1968 communist offensive that was a military setback for communist forces but contradicted claims that U.S. victory was near and widened the credibility gap

The 1968 killing of Vietnamese civilians by U.S. soldiers, revealed publicly in 1969 and used as evidence that the war was immoral

The October 1967 antiwar demonstration that combined mass protest, civil disobedience, and countercultural theater

Chicago antiwar demonstrations marked by nationally televised clashes and a police response later described as a police riot

The May 4, 1970 killing of four students by National Guardsmen during protests against Nixon's expansion of the war into Cambodia

A radical faction formed after SDS fractured in 1969 that advocated revolution and bombed symbols of government and corporate power

The youth movement, whose participants were often called hippies, that rejected conventional middle-class values and experimented with informal and alternative lifestyles

The San Francisco district that became a major center of hippie communities, psychedelic culture, and alternative lifestyles

The 1967 influx of thousands of young people into Haight-Ashbury that symbolized countercultural liberation but exposed problems including exploitation, crime, and drug addiction

The August 1969 festival where roughly 400,000 people created an enduring symbol of countercultural music, informality, and peaceful community

Former Harvard psychologist who promoted LSD and urged youth to “turn on, tune in, drop out.”

The movement toward greater openness about sexuality, acceptance of sex outside marriage, and individual choice in intimate relationships

FDA-approved in 1960, this reliable contraception helped separate sexual activity from pregnancy and altered sexual expectations

Psychedelic drug associated with countercultural experimentation, altered consciousness, music, and art