AP®︎ US History: Topic 5.7 Flashcards

Opposed slavery’s territorial expansion and supported a protective tariff, western homesteads, and federal aid for a transcontinental railroad

Seven 1858 Illinois debates over slavery in the territories that made Lincoln nationally prominent and weakened Douglas among Southern Democrats

Republican elected president in 1860 on a platform opposing slavery’s expansion but not abolishing it in existing states; his victory triggered secession

Northern Democratic candidate in 1860 who defended popular sovereignty and won Missouri and part of New Jersey’s electoral vote

Lincoln’s warning that the nation could not remain permanently half slave and half free and would move toward either greater restriction or acceptance of slavery

Douglas’s claim that territorial settlers could exclude slavery by refusing to enact the local laws needed to protect it despite the Dred Scott decision

The 1860 split in which Northern Democrats nominated Douglas for popular sovereignty while Southern Democrats nominated Breckinridge for federal protection of slavery

Southern Democratic candidate who demanded federal protection for slavery in the territories and carried most of the Deep South

Party of former Whigs and Southern moderates that avoided a firm slavery position and campaigned for the Constitution, the Union, and existing laws

Constitutional Union candidate who emphasized preserving the Union and carried Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee

Lincoln won about 40 percent of the popular vote and 180 electoral votes without carrying a slave state, proving a Northern sectional coalition could control the presidency

Secessionists said sovereign states could withdraw from a voluntary compact; Unionists said the people created a permanent Union that no state could leave unilaterally

South Carolina became the first state to secede when its convention unanimously adopted an ordinance on December 20, 1860

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas left the Union before Lincoln’s inauguration, primarily to protect slavery

Government formed at Montgomery in February 1861 by the seven seceded Deep South states to preserve their independence and slaveholding order

Mississippi politician selected as provisional president of the Confederate States of America in February 1861

Confederate vice president who declared in the Cornerstone Speech that racial inequality and African American slavery were foundations of the Confederacy

Confederacy’s governing document, modeled on the U.S. Constitution but explicitly protecting slavery and slaveholders’ property rights in Confederate territories

Alexander Stephens’s March 1861 speech identifying white supremacy and African American slavery as foundational principles of the Confederacy

Failed proposal to extend the 36°30′ line to the Pacific, banning slavery north of it and constitutionally protecting slavery south of it

Unratified amendment that would have barred future constitutional amendments from authorizing federal interference with slavery in existing states

Outgoing president who called secession unconstitutional but claimed the federal government lacked power to coerce a state, leaving no effective response to disunion

Lincoln denied secession’s legality, promised to hold federal property, and repeated that he would not interfere with slavery in existing states

Federal fort in Charleston Harbor bombarded by Confederate forces on April 12, 1861; its surrender began open warfare between the Union and Confederacy

April 15, 1861 request for troops to suppress the rebellion, prompting four Upper South states to secede rather than fight the Confederacy

Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee seceded after Fort Sumter and Lincoln’s call for troops, raising the Confederacy to eleven states

Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, the four slave states that remained officially in the Union despite divided loyalties

Opposition to expanding slavery into the western territories, not a demand for immediate abolition in existing states

Belief that western land and opportunity should remain available to free farmers and wage earners rather than plantation slavery

Policy allowing territorial settlers to decide whether to permit slavery; supported by Stephen A. Douglas and Northern Democrats

Southern secessionists who demanded immediate withdrawal from the Union after Lincoln’s election

Southerners who supported secession but wanted the slave states to withdraw together

Southerners who favored remaining in the Union unless the federal government attacked slavery or coerced a seceded state

Kentucky senator who proposed the failed Crittenden Compromise as a final effort to prevent secession