AP®︎ US History: Topic 2.4 Flashcards

Integrated network linking Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and mainland America through trade in commodities, manufactured goods, and enslaved people; it promoted regional specialization, prosperity, dependence, and coerced labor

Model of Atlantic trade in which goods moved among three regions, often European manufactures to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and plantation commodities to Europe; actual trade followed many different routes

Forced transportation of about 12 million captive Africans to the Americas, mostly Brazil and the Caribbean, to supply coerced labor for plantation commodity production

Forced Atlantic crossing of enslaved Africans to the Americas, marked by confinement, violence, disease, malnutrition, and high mortality

Exchange in which Native communities supplied furs and deerskins for European goods, shifting hunting and diplomacy while increasing dependence, rivalry, and conflict

Economic theory that colonies should enrich and strengthen the mother country by supplying raw materials, buying its manufactures, and trading through empire-controlled channels

British mercantilist laws beginning in 1651 that restricted colonial shipping, markets, imports, and manufacturing to keep commerce and wealth within the empire

Law imposing a high duty on molasses from non-British Caribbean islands; mainland merchants widely evaded it through smuggling and bribery

Britain’s loose and inconsistent enforcement of colonial regulations, especially in the early eighteenth century, which allowed colonists to develop expectations of practical economic autonomy

Colonists’ evasion of imperial trade laws through illegal foreign trade, false paperwork, and bribery, which weakened enforcement of British mercantilist policies