AP®︎ US History: Topic 4.4 Flashcards

President who used naval force in the First Barbary War and economic coercion through the Embargo Act to defend American commerce

British removal of sailors from American ships for Royal Navy service, violating American maritime rights and helping cause the War of 1812

1801–1805 conflict in which Jefferson sent the Navy and Marines against Tripoli to protect shipping and resist tribute demands

The 1807 British attack on USS Chesapeake and removal of four sailors, provoking outrage over impressment and American sovereignty

Jefferson’s ban on American ships sailing to foreign ports; it failed to change British or French policy and badly harmed the American economy

The 1809 law that reopened most foreign trade after the embargo but continued prohibiting commerce with Britain and France

The 1810 law reopening trade with Britain and France and promising restrictions against one if the other stopped violating American neutral rights

Shawnee leader who organized a Native confederacy against American expansion and later allied with Britain during the War of 1812

Tecumseh’s brother, whose religious movement rejected American cultural influence and promoted Native unity and resistance

American commander whose forces fought Tenskwatawa’s followers at Tippecanoe, intensifying suspicions that Britain supported Native resistance

The 1811 battle between Harrison’s forces and Tenskwatawa’s followers that failed to destroy Tecumseh’s confederacy but intensified American suspicions of Britain

Mostly young southern and western Democratic-Republicans, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who demanded war with Britain for honor, rights, and expansion

President who restored trade restrictions against Britain and led the United States into the War of 1812

Inconclusive U.S.-British war over impressment, neutral trade, British-Native ties, sovereignty, and expansion; it strengthened nationalism and weakened Native resistance

The 1813 American victory in Upper Canada where Tecumseh was killed, severely weakening organized Native resistance in the Old Northwest

Andrew Jackson’s 1814 defeat of the Red Stick Creeks, followed by a treaty requiring the Creek nation to surrender over 20 million acres

The 1814 agreement forcing the Creek nation to cede over 20 million acres after Horseshoe Bend, including land held by U.S.-allied Creeks

The December 1814 treaty ending the War of 1812 and restoring prewar boundaries without resolving impressment or neutral shipping rights

Andrew Jackson’s January 1815 victory after Ghent was signed; it created an impression of decisive American victory and made Jackson a hero

The 1814 Federalist meeting that protested the war and proposed constitutional amendments; its timing made the party appear disloyal and hastened its decline

The 1817 U.S.-British agreement limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and beginning demilitarization of the Canadian border

Agreement setting the U.S.-British boundary at the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains and establishing joint occupation of Oregon Country

General who defeated the Red Stick Creeks and invaded Spanish Florida; as president, he pursued the coercive removal of southeastern Native nations

The 1817–1818 conflict in which Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida, attacked Seminoles, and seized Spanish posts, pressuring Spain to negotiate

Secretary of state who defended Jackson’s Florida invasion, negotiated the Adams-Onís Treaty, and urged Monroe to issue an independent hemispheric declaration

The 1819 treaty giving Florida to the United States, renouncing the U.S. claim to Texas, and drawing a boundary to the Pacific

President who acquired Florida through treaty and announced the Monroe Doctrine asserting a special U.S. interest in the Western Hemisphere

The 1823 declaration opposing new European colonization or intervention in the Americas while promising U.S. noninterference in Europe and existing colonies

The coerced displacement of eastern Native nations westward through treaties, legislation, warfare, and military force, opening land to settlement, cotton, and slavery

The 1830 law authorizing negotiated exchanges of Native lands east of the Mississippi for western territory, enabling widespread coerced removal

The 1831 case calling tribes “domestic dependent nations” but ruling that the Cherokee could not sue as a foreign nation

The 1832 decision holding that Georgia law had no force in Cherokee territory and that tribal relations belonged to federal authority

The disputed 1835 treaty in which a small Cherokee minority accepted removal despite opposition from most Cherokee people and their government

The 1838 forced removal of about 16,000 Cherokee to Indian Territory; roughly 4,000 died during roundup, confinement, and migration

The 1835–1842 war caused by Seminole resistance to removal; many Seminoles were forced west, although some remained in Florida

British restrictions on neutral commerce with France and Napoleon-controlled territories that led to seizures of American ships

French policy excluding British goods from European ports and leading France to seize neutral ships that violated its restrictions