AP®︎ US History: Topic 3.3 Flashcards

Colonial claim that Parliament could not tax colonists who elected no members of Parliament and had not consented through their assemblies

Pre-1763 pattern of uneven British enforcement that allowed colonial assemblies and merchants substantial practical autonomy

Claimed protections including property rights, jury trials, and taxation only with consent

Elected colonial legislatures that controlled local taxation and spending and provided colonists with actual representation

Britain said Parliament represented all subjects virtually; colonists said only elected, locally accountable assemblies actually represented them

Internal taxes were imposed directly within the colonies; external taxes regulated trade, a distinction strained when import duties were used to raise revenue

British doctrine that Parliament was the empire’s supreme legislature and could make binding laws for the colonies

Lowered the foreign-molasses duty but strengthened collection, expanded import duties, and used juryless vice-admiralty courts to raise revenue

Juryless imperial courts used to try customs violations, which colonists attacked as violations of British subjects’ rights

Restricted colonial paper money as legal tender, worsening shortages of specie and making debts harder to pay

Direct tax requiring paid stamps on printed and legal materials, provoking broad intercolonial resistance and boycotts

Virginia legislator who promoted the Virginia Resolves declaring that only Virginia’s elected assembly could tax Virginians

Patrick Henry’s 1765 resolutions asserting Virginians’ British rights and the Virginia assembly’s exclusive authority to tax them

1765 meeting of nine colonies that affirmed British rights, demanded taxation through colonial representatives, and petitioned for repeal

Resistance organization that led demonstrations, intimidated stamp distributors, enforced boycotts, and later helped carry out the Boston Tea Party

Merchant pledges not to import British goods, using commercial pressure to make British businesses lobby Parliament

Colonial agent who explained Stamp Act opposition to Parliament in 1766 and gradually moved from imperial reconciliation toward independence

Law accompanying Stamp Act repeal that claimed Parliament could bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever

1767 measures imposing revenue duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea while strengthening customs enforcement

Broad search warrants allowing customs officials to search for smuggled goods without naming a specific place or shipment

Consumer refusal to buy British imports, broadening boycotts beyond merchants to households and ordinary colonists

Women activists who promoted homespun, organized spinning gatherings, and substituted colonial products for British imports

March 5, 1770 confrontation in which British soldiers killed five colonists, becoming Patriot evidence of military tyranny

Sailor of African and American Indian ancestry killed in the Boston Massacre and remembered as its best-known victim

Patriot artisan whose widely circulated engraving portrayed the Boston Massacre as a deliberate British attack on defenseless colonists

Networks beginning in Massachusetts in 1772 that circulated grievances and coordinated resistance among towns and colonies

Boston Patriot leader who helped establish Boston’s committee of correspondence and organize resistance to British policies

1772 burning of a British customs schooner in Rhode Island, followed by fears that suspects would be tried in Britain without a local jury

Allowed the East India Company to sell cheaper tea directly in the colonies while retaining the Townshend tea duty

December 16, 1773 protest in which Sons of Liberty associates dumped 342 chests of taxed East India Company tea into Boston Harbor

1774 punitive laws that closed Boston’s port, restricted Massachusetts government, altered official trials, and broadened troop quartering

Extended Quebec into the Ohio Valley and protected Catholic practice, alarming colonists seeking western land and fearing arbitrary rule

1774 meeting of twelve colonies that condemned the Coercive Acts, petitioned the king, asserted colonial rights, and organized collective resistance

First Continental Congress program of nonimportation, nonconsumption, and eventual nonexportation enforced by local committees

Massachusetts royal governor and military commander who sent troops to seize colonial supplies at Concord in April 1775

April 19, 1775 clashes begun during Britain’s attempt to seize colonial military supplies, marking the start of the Revolutionary War

Colonial writer who argued that Parliament could regulate trade but could not impose duties primarily to raise colonial revenue

Widely circulated essays arguing that Parliament could regulate trade but could not impose duties primarily to raise colonial revenue

Required colonial governments to provide supplies and accommodations for British troops stationed in North America

Colonially produced cloth promoted during boycotts as a substitute for British imports and a public symbol of resistance