AP®︎ US History: Topic 6.11 Flashcards

Farmers’ response to debt, falling crop prices, and concentrated economic power through cooperatives; some also sought railroad regulation, easier credit, and a larger money supply

Belief that productive workers and farmers should receive the benefits of their labor and retain economic independence

Author of Progress and Poverty who blamed inequality on private capture of rising land values and proposed a single tax on land

Henry George’s proposal to tax unimproved land value, discourage speculation, and recover socially created wealth without taxing labor or improvements

Utopian author whose Looking Backward envisioned a peaceful transition to a nationally coordinated cooperative economy

Edward Bellamy’s 1888 novel depicting a future cooperative commonwealth that replaced competition and private profit with national economic coordination

Ideology holding that capitalism’s inequality arose from private ownership of major productive property and advocating collective, cooperative, or public ownership

Radical ideology rejecting both capitalism and coercive government in favor of decentralized voluntary cooperation

Labor leader whose Pullman Strike experience and imprisonment helped turn him toward socialism and a broader critique of capitalism

Protestant movement applying Christian ethics to poverty and inequality and calling for institutional reform rather than charity or individual conversion alone

Early Social Gospel minister who defended labor organization and argued in Applied Christianity that economic relations were subject to Christian moral judgment

Minister among New York’s working class who became the leading Social Gospel theologian and carried its ideas into the Progressive Era

Literary and artistic movement that rejected idealization and portrayed ordinary people and social conditions more accurately

Form of realism emphasizing how environment, heredity, and economic forces constrained individual choice

Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner’s 1873 novel whose title suggested that a thin surface of prosperity concealed corruption and social disorder

Journalist and photographer who used investigation and tenement images in How the Other Half Lives to build support for urban housing reform

Jacob Riis’s 1890 investigation using writing and photographs to expose overcrowded and unsanitary New York tenements

Ideology assigning men to politics and paid public life while assigning women to domestic life and moral responsibility for the home

Private clubs, churches, charities, and reform organizations through which women and others excluded from formal politics gained public influence

Argument that women’s domestic duty to protect families justified public action on sanitation, education, housing, child welfare, and workplace safety

National organization founded in 1890 that linked women’s clubs and promoted libraries, schools, public health, conservation, and local reform

Reform movement in which educated residents provided services, studied urban conditions, and advocated for immigrant and working-class neighborhoods

Chicago settlement house founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr that provided services and supported social investigation and reform

College-educated reformer who co-founded Hull House and turned settlement work into sustained social service, investigation, and advocacy

Movement to reduce or prohibit alcohol because reformers linked drinking to poverty, violence, lost wages, crime, and workplace accidents

Large women’s organization founded in 1874 that campaigned against alcohol and, under Frances Willard, expanded into suffrage and other reforms

WCTU president from 1879 to 1898 who promoted the broad “Do Everything” program and the home-protection argument for women’s suffrage

Frances Willard’s WCTU program linking temperance with suffrage, labor reform, prison reform, public health, and protection of women and children

Argument that women needed voting rights to protect their homes from alcohol and the laws and businesses supporting it

Campaign for women’s voting rights using arguments based on citizenship, representation, self-protection, and women’s supposed moral influence

The NWSA pursued a federal amendment and broad women’s rights, while the AWSA emphasized state campaigns and supported the Fifteenth Amendment

Women’s rights leader who, with Susan B. Anthony, led the NWSA and pursued a federal suffrage amendment and a broad equality program

Suffrage leader who worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in the NWSA and campaigned for a federal women’s voting-rights amendment

Organization formed in 1890 by the reunion of the NWSA and AWSA to coordinate the campaign for women’s voting rights

1875 Supreme Court decision ruling that citizenship did not itself guarantee women voting rights, encouraging state campaigns and a specific federal amendment

Black women’s organization founded in 1896 that combined community service, racial advancement, women’s leadership, and opposition to discrimination

First president of the National Association of Colored Women, whose “Lifting as We Climb” ideal joined community advancement with opposition to racism

Journalist and activist who used evidence and speaking tours to expose lynching as racial terror rather than punishment for Black criminality

Agrarian organization that promoted cooperative purchasing and marketing to reduce farmers’ dependence on private middlemen

Agrarian organizations that used cooperative purchasing and marketing to help farmers resist debt and dependence on railroads, merchants, and other middlemen

Henry George’s 1879 book arguing that landowners captured socially created land values and advocating a single tax on unimproved land

Reform vision that imagined industrial society reorganized around cooperation and equality rather than competition and private profit

Expanded college access that gave women skills, professional opportunities, and networks for entering public life and leading reform